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| Foreword | |
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| Theoretical Models for Photonic Crystals | |
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| Introduction to Part 1 | |
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| Models for Infinite Crystals | |
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| Plane Wave Expansion | |
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| Maxwell's Equations | |
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| The Floquet-Bloch Theorem | |
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| Hermiticity of the Field Operator | |
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| Simple Examples of Bloch Functions | |
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| General Plane Wave Method | |
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| Other Methods for the Calculation of the Photonic Band Gaps of an Infinite Crystal: the KKR Method | |
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| Photonic Band Diagram | |
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| The Irreducible Brillouin Zone | |
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| Band Diagrams of One-Dimensional Crystals | |
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| Band Diagrams of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals | |
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| Off-Axis Propagation in One and Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals | |
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| Band Diagrams of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals | |
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| Infinite Crystals with Defects | |
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| Point Defects | |
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| Coupling of Point Defects | |
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| Supercell Method | |
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| Methods derived from Tight-Binding Methods in Solid State Physics | |
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| Extended Defects | |
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| Semi-Infinite Crystals and Surface Defects | |
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| Density of States in Photonic Crystals with or without Defects | |
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| Models for Finite Crystals | |
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| Transfer, Reflection and Transmission Matrix Formulations | |
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| Reflection and Transmission Matrices | |
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| Pendry Method | |
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| Finite Difference in Time Domain (FDTD) Method | |
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| Numerical Formulation of Maxwell's Equations | |
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| Case of an Incident Pulse | |
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| Absorption Region and Boundary Conditions | |
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| Practical Implementation and Convergence of the FDTD Method | |
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| Examples of Results obtained for a Point Source with the FDTD Method | |
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| Scattering Matrix Method | |
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| Other Methods: Integral and Differential Methods, Finite Element Method, Effective Medium Theory | |
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| Numerical Codes available for the Modelling of Photonic Crystals | |
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| Quasi-Crystals and Archimedean Tilings | |
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| Photonic Quasi-Crystals | |
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| Archimedean Tilings | |
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| From Photonic Quasi-Crystals to the Localization of Light | |
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| Specific Features of Metallic Structures | |
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| Bulk Metals: Drude Model, Skin Effect and Metallic Losses | |
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| Drude Model | |
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| Low-Frequency Region: Skin Effect and Metallic Losses | |
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| From the Infrared to the Visible and UV Regions | |
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| Periodic Metallic Structures at Low Frequencies | |
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| Plasmon-Like Photonic Band Gap | |
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| Transmission Spectra of Metallic and Dielectric Photonic Crystals | |
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| Complete Band Gaps in Metallic Photonic Crystals | |
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| Structures with Continuous Metallic Elements and Structures with Discontinuous Metallic Elements | |
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| Periodic Metallic Structures at Optical Frequencies. Idealized Case of a Dispersive Lossless Dielectric | |
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| Surface Waves | |
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| Surface Plasmons at a Metal/Dielectric Plane Interface | |
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| Propagation of Surface Plasmons along a Periodically Modulated Metal/Dielectric Interface and Local Enhancement of the Field | |
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| Wood's Anomalies: Phenomenological Theory | |
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| Photonic Band Gaps for the Propagation of Surface Plasmons at Periodically Modulated Metal/Dielectric Interfaces | |
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| The Photon Sieve | |
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| Surface Waves in Metals at Radiofrequencies | |
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| Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals | |
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| Introduction to Part II. The `Many Facets' of Photonic Crystals | |
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| Control of Electromagnetic Waves | |
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| The Photonic Crystal Mirror | |
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| The Semi-Infinite Photonic Crystal: Mirror or Diffraction Grating?. | |
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| Specular Reflection at a Semi-Infinite Crystal | |
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| Finite Photonic Crystals as Semi-Transparent Mirrors | |
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| Photonic Crystal Waveguides | |
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| Index Guiding and Photonic Bandgap Guiding | |
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| Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides | |
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| Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides | |
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| Density of States and Multiplicity of Guided Modes | |
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| Coexistence of Index Guiding and Photonic Bandgap Guiding | |
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| Resonators | |
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| Localized Modes. Origin of Losses | |
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| Density of States | |
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| Waveguide formed by Coupled Cavities | |
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| Hybrid Structures with Index Guiding. The Light Line | |
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| Light Cone of a Uniform Waveguide | |
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| Fictitious Periodicity | |
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| True One-Dimensional Periodicity | |
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| Channel Waveguides in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals | |
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| Refractive Properties of Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials | |
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| Phase Refractive index, Group Refractive Index and Energy Propagation | |
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| Phase Velocity and Group Velocity | |
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| Refractive Indexes and Dispersion Diagrams | |
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| Effective Phase Index and Group Refractive Index | |
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| Refraction of Waves at the Interface between a Periodic Medium and a Homogeneous Medium | |
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| Summary of Refraction Laws in Homogeneous Media | |
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| Some Well-Known Anisotropic Media: Birefringent Solid-State Crystals | |
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| Construction of the Waves Transmitted in a Photonic Crystal | |
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| Superprism and Negative Refraction Effects | |
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| Superprism Effect | |
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| Ultra-Refraction and Negative Refraction | |
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| Metamaterials | |
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| Simultaneous Control of the Dielectric Permittivity and the Magnetic Permeability | |
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| Negative Refraction in a Slab of Perfect Left-Handed Material | |
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| Stigmatism of a Slab of Perfect Left-Handed Material | |
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| Perfect Lens or Superlens? | |
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| Fabrication of Negative Refractive Index Metamaterials | |
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| Electromagnetic Cloaking | |
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| Confinement of Light in Zero-Dimensional Microcavities | |
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| Microcavity Sources. Principles and Effects | |
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| A Classical Effect: the Angular Redistribution of the Spontaneous Emission and the Example of Planar Microcavities | |
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| Three-Dimensional Optical Confinement in Zero-Dimensional Microcavities | |
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| Different Types of Zero-Dimensional Microcavities | |
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| Control of the Spontaneous Emission in Weak Coupling Regime. Some Experimental Results | |
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| Single-Mode Coupling of the Spontaneous Emission | |
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| Towards Strong Coupling Regime for Solid State `Artificial Atoms' | |
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| Nonlinear Optics with Photonic Crystals | |
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| The Problem of Phase Matching | |
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| �<sup>(1)</sup> Photonic Crystals | |
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| One-Dimensional �<sup>(1)</sup> Photonic Crystals | |
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| Two-Dimensional �<sup>(1)</sup> Photonic Crystals | |
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| �<sup><2)</sup> Photonic Crystals | |
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| One-Dimensional �<sup>(2)</sup> Photonic Crystals | |
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| Two-Dimensional �<sup>(2)</sup> Photonic Crystals | |
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| Photonic Crystals with Third Order Susceptibility | |
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| Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Photonic Bandgap Structures | |
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| Introduction to Part III | |
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| Planar Integrated Optics | |
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| Objectives, New Devices and Challenges | |
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| Fundamentals of Integrated Optics and Introduction of Photonic Crystals | |
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| Conventional Waveguides | |
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| Photonic Crystals in Integrated Optics | |
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| Planar Photonic Crystals in the Substrate Approach | |
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| DFB and DBR Laser Diode Structures | |
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| Photonic Crystals, a Strong Perturbation for Guided Modes | |
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| Choice of the Diameter of the Holes and of the Period of the Crystal | |
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| Specific Parameters for InP- and GaAs-Based Systems | |
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| Deep Etching | |
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| Membrane Waveguide Photonic Crystals | |
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| Free-Standing Membranes | |
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| Reported Membranes | |
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| Macroporous Silicon Photonic Substrates | |
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| Characterization Methods for Photonic Crystals in Integrated Optics | |
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| Internal Light Source Method | |
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| End-Fire Method | |
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| Wide-Band Transmission-Reflection Spectroscopy | |
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| Losses of Photonic Crystal Integrated Optical Devices | |
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| Analysis of Losses in Planar Photonic Crystal Waveguides | |
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| Measurement of Propagation Losses in Straight Photonic Crystal Channel Waveguides | |
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| Losses in the Slow-Light Regime | |
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| Waveguide Bends in Photonic Crystals and Bend Losses | |
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| Photonic Crystal Resonators and Quality Factors | |
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| Photonic Crystal Devices and Functions : Recent Developments | |
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| Classification of devices | |
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| Coupled Resonators and Waveguides | |
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| Very high-Q cavities | |
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| Other Devices and Optical Functions | |
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| Microsources | |
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| High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Diodes | |
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| Solutions for the Extraction of Light without Confinement | |
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| Enhanced Extraction Efficiency through Planar Confinement | |
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| Increase of the Extraction Efficiency using Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals | |
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| Ridge-Type Waveguide Lasers confined by Photonics Crystals | |
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| Bulk Photonic Crystal Band Edge Lasers | |
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| Photonic crystal VCSELs | |
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| Microcavity Lasers | |
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| Potential Interest of Single-Photon Sources | |
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| Photonic Crystal Fibres | |
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| Another Implementation of Periodic Structures | |
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| Fabrication of Microstructured Optical Fibres | |
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| Solid-Core Microstructured Optical Fibres | |
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| Confinement Losses and Second Mode Transition | |
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| Attenuation and Bend Loss | |
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| Chromatic Dispersion Properties | |
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| Main Applications of Solid-Core Microstructured Optical Fibres | |
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| True Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF) | |
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| Photonic Bandgap Cladding | |
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| Losses of Photonic Crystal Fibres with Finite Cladding | |
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| Photonic Crystal Fibres with Optimised Structures | |
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| Main Applications of Photonic Crystal Fibres | |
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| Three-Dimensional Structures in Optics | |
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| Geometrical Configurations proposed for Three-Dimensional Structures | |
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| Structures with Omnidirectional Photonic Band Gaps | |
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| Incomplete Band Gap Three-Dimensional Structures | |
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| Examples of Fabrication Processes and Realizations of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals in the Optical Region | |
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| Complete Band Gap Structures | |
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| Metallic Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals in the Optical Region | |
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| Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals and Light Emitters | |
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| Microwave and Terahertz Antennas and Circuits | |
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| Photonic Crystal Antennas | |
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| Photonic-Crystal Antenna Substrates | |
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| Photonic-Crystal Antenna Mirrors | |
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| Photonic Crystal Antenna Radomes or Superstrates | |
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| Controllable Structures and Metamaterials | |
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| Principles and Characteristics of Electrically Controllable Photonic Crystals | |
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| Electrically Controllable Photonic Crystal Antennas | |
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| Antennas and Metamaterials | |
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| Microwave Circuits and Ultra-Compact Photonic Crystals | |
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| Ultra-Compact Photonic Crystals | |
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| Microwave Filters and Waveguides realised from Ultra-Compact Photonic Crystals | |
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| From Microwaves to Terahertz Waves | |
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| From Microwaves to Optics | |
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| Impedance Matching of Photonic Waveguides | |
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| Photonic Crystal THz Imaging System | |
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| `Microwave Inspired' Nanostructures and Nanodevices | |
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| Conclusion and Perspectives | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Scattering Matrix Method: Determination of the Field for a Finite Two-Dimensional Crystal formed by Dielectric Rods | |
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| Incident Field | |
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| Field inside the Rods | |
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| Field in the Vicinity of a Rod | |
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| Magneto-Photonic Cystals | |
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| Stigmatism of a Slab of Perfect Left-Handed Material: Integral for the Total Field | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |