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| The structure of materials | |
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| Atomic structure and the chemical bond | |
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| Metals | |
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| Metallic bond | |
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| Crystal structures | |
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| Polycrystalline metals | |
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| Ceramics | |
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| Covalents bond | |
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| Ionic bond | |
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| Dipole bond | |
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| Van der Waals bond | |
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| Hydrogen bond | |
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| The crystal structure of ceramics | |
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| Amorphous ceramics | |
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| Polymers | |
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| The chemical structure of polymers | |
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| The structure of polymers | |
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| Elasticity | |
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| Deformation modes | |
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| Stress and strain | |
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| Stress | |
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| Strain | |
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| Atomic interactions | |
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| Hooke's law | |
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| Elastic strain energy | |
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| Elastic deformation under multiaxial loads | |
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| Isotropic material | |
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| Cubic lattice | |
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| Orthorhombic crystals and orthotropic elasticity | |
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| Transversally isotropic elasticity | |
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| Other crystal lattices | |
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| Examples | |
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| Isotropy and anisotropy of macroscopic components | |
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| Temperature dependence of Young's modulus | |
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| Plasticity and failure | |
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| Nominal and true strain | |
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| Stress-strain diagrams | |
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| Types of stress-strain diagrams | |
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| Analysis of a stress-strain diagram | |
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| Approximation of the stress-strain curve | |
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| Plasticity theory | |
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| Yield criteria | |
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| Yield criteria of metals | |
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| Yield criteria of polymers | |
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| Flow rules | |
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| Hardening | |
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| Application of a yield criterion, flow rule, and hardening rule | |
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| Hardness | |
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| Scratch tests | |
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| Indentation tests | |
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| Rebound tests | |
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| Material failure | |
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| Shear fracture | |
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| Cleavage fracture | |
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| Fracture criteria | |
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| Notches | |
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| Stress concentration factor | |
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| Neuber's rule | |
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| Tensile testing of notched specimens | |
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| Fracture mechanics | |
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| Introduction to fracture mechanics | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Linear-elastic fracture mechanics | |
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| The stress field near a crack tip | |
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| The energy balance of crack propagation | |
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| Dimensioning pre-cracked components under static loads | |
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| Fracture parameters of different materials | |
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| Material behaviour during crack propagation | |
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| Subcritical crack propagation | |
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| Measuring fracture parameters | |
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| Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics | |
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| Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) | |
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| J integral | |
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| Material behaviour during crack propagation | |
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| Measuring elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameters | |
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| Mechanical behaviour of metals | |
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| Theoretical strength | |
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| Dislocations | |
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| Types of dislocations | |
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| The stress field of a dislocation | |
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| Dislocation movement | |
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| Slip systems | |
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| The critical resolved shear stress | |
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| Taylor factor | |
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| Dislocation interaction | |
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| Generation, multiplication and annihilation of dislocations | |
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| Forces acting on dislocations | |
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| Overcoming obstacles | |
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| Athermal processes | |
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| Thermally activated processes | |
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| Ductile-brittle transition | |
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| Climb | |
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| Intersection of dislocations | |
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| Strengthening mechanisms | |
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| Work hardening | |
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| Grain boundary strengthening | |
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| Solid solution hardening | |
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| Particle strengthening | |
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| Hardening of steels | |
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| Mechanical twinning | |
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| Mechanical behaviour of ceramics | |
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| Manufacturing ceramics | |
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| Mechanisms of crack propagation | |
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| Crack deflection | |
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| Crack bridging | |
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| Microcrack formation and crack branching | |
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| Stress-induced phase transformations | |
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| Stable crack growth | |
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| Subcritical crack growth in ceramics | |
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| Statistical fracture mechanics | |
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| Weibull statistics | |
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| Weibull statistics for subcritical crack growth | |
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| Measuring the parameters [sigma subscript 0] and m | |
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| Proof test | |
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| Strengthening ceramics | |
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| Reducing defect size | |
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| Crack deflection | |
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| Microcracks | |
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| Transformation toughening | |
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| Adding ductile particles | |
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| Mechanical behaviour of polymers | |
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| Physical properties of polymers | |
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| Relaxation processes | |
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| Glass transition temperature | |
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| Melting temperature | |
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| Time-dependent deformation of polymers | |
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| Phenomenological description of time-dependence | |
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| Time-dependence and thermal activation | |
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| Elastic properties of polymers | |
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| Elastic properties of thermoplastics | |
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| Elastic properties of elastomers and duromers | |
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| Plastic behaviour | |
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| Amorphous thermoplastics | |
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| Semi-crystalline thermoplastics | |
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| Increasing the thermal stability | |
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| Increasing the glass and the melting temperature | |
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| Increasing the crystallinity | |
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| Increasing strength and stiffness | |
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| Increasing the ductility | |
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| Environmental effects | |
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| Mechanical behaviour of fibre reinforced composites | |
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| Strengthening methods | |
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| Classifying by particle geometry | |
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| Classifying by matrix systems | |
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| Elasticity of fibre composites | |
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| Loading in parallel to the fibres | |
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| Loading perpendicular to the fibres | |
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| The anisotropy in general | |
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| Plasticity and fracture of composites | |
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| Tensile loading with continuous fibres | |
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| Load transfer between matrix and fibre | |
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| Crack propagation in fibre composites | |
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| Statistics of composite failure | |
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| Failure under compressive loads | |
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| Matrix-dominated failure and arbitrary loads | |
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| Examples of composites | |
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| Polymer matrix composites | |
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| Metal matrix composites | |
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| Ceramic matrix composites | |
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| Biological composites | |
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| Fatigue | |
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| Types of loads | |
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| Fatigue failure of metals | |
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| Crack initiation | |
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| Crack propagation (stage II) | |
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| Final fracture | |
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| Fatigue of ceramics | |
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| Fatigue of polymers | |
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| Thermal fatigue | |
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| Mechanical fatigue | |
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| Fatigue of fibre composites | |
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| Phenomenological description of the fatigue strength | |
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| Fatigue crack growth | |
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| Stress-cycle diagrams (S-N diagrams) | |
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| The role of mean stress | |
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| Fatigue assessment with variable amplitude loading | |
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| Cyclic stress-strain behaviour | |
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| Kitagawa diagram | |
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| Fatigue of notched specimens | |
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| Creep | |
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| Phenomenology of creep | |
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| Creep mechanisms | |
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| Stages of creep | |
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| Dislocation creep | |
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| Diffusion creep | |
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| Grain boundary sliding | |
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| Deformation mechanism maps | |
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| Creep fracture | |
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| Increasing the creep resistance | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Packing density of crystals | |
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| Macromolecules | |
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| Interaction between two atoms | |
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| Bulk modulus | |
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| Relation between the elastic constants | |
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| Candy catapult | |
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| True strain | |
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| Interest calculation | |
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| Large deformations | |
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| Yield criteria | |
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| Yield criteria of polymers | |
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| Design of a notched shaft | |
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| Estimating the fracture toughness K[subscript Ic] | |
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| Determination of the fracture toughness K[subscript Ic] | |
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| Static design of a tube | |
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| Theoretical strength | |
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| Estimating the dislocation density | |
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| Thermally activated dislocation generation | |
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| Work hardening | |
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| Grain boundary strengthening | |
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| Precipitation hardening | |
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| Weibull statistics | |
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| Design of a fluid tank | |
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| Subcritical crack growth of a ceramic component | |
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| Mechanical models of viscoelastic polymers | |
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| Elastic damping | |
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| Eyring plot | |
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| Elasticity of fibre composites | |
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| Properties of a polymer matrix composite | |
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| Estimating the number of cycles to failure | |
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| Miner's rule | |
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| Larson-Miller parameter | |
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| Creep deformation | |
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| Relaxation of thermal stresses by creep | |
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| Solution | |
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| Using tensors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The order of a tensor | |
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| Tensor notations | |
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| Tensor operations and Einstein summation convention | |
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| Coordinate transformations | |
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| Important constants and tensor operations | |
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| Invariants | |
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| Derivations of tensor fields | |
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| Miller and Miller-Bravais indices | |
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| Miller indices | |
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| Miller-Bravais indices | |
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| A crash course in thermodynamics | |
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| Thermal activation | |
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| Free energy and free enthalpy | |
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| Phase transformations and phase diagrams | |
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| The J integral | |
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| Discontinuities, singularities, and Gauss' theorem | |
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| Energy-momentum tensor | |
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| J integral | |
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| J integral at a crack tip | |
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| Plasticity at the crack tip | |
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| Energy interpretation of the J integral | |
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| References | |
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| List of symbols | |
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| Index | |