| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
How To Use This Book | |
| |
| |
What You Can (And Can't) Do With Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Why Do Students Use Qualitative Methods? | |
| |
| |
Are Qualitative Methods Always The Best? | |
| |
| |
Should You Use Qualitative Methods? | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
The Research Experience I | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Moira's Research Diary | |
| |
| |
Sally's Research Diary | |
| |
| |
Simon's Research Diary | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
The Research Experience II | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Interviews | |
| |
| |
Ethnographies | |
| |
| |
Texts | |
| |
| |
Audio Data | |
| |
| |
Visual Data | |
| |
| |
Multiple Methods | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
What Counts As 'Originality'? | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Originality | |
| |
| |
Being A 'Professional' | |
| |
| |
Independent Critical Thought | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Starting Out | |
| |
| |
Selecting A Topic | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Workable Research Questions | |
| |
| |
Simplistic Inductivism | |
| |
| |
The 'Kitchen Sink' Gambit | |
| |
| |
The Grand Theorist | |
| |
| |
Strategies For Simplistic Inductivists | |
| |
| |
Strategies For 'Kitchen Sinkers' | |
| |
| |
Strategies For Grand Theorists | |
| |
| |
Strategies For All Researchers | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Using Theories | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
How Theoretical Models Shape Research | |
| |
| |
The Different Languages Of Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Theories, Models And Hypotheses | |
| |
| |
Examples | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Choosing A Methodology | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Qualitative Or Quantitative? | |
| |
| |
Your Research Strategy | |
| |
| |
Choosing A Methodology: A Case Study | |
| |
| |
Naturally-Occurring Data? | |
| |
| |
Multiple Methods? | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Selecting A Case | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
What Is A Case Study? | |
| |
| |
Generalizing From Cases | |
| |
| |
Types Of Case Studies | |
| |
| |
Combining Qualitative Research With Quantitative Measures Of Populations | |
| |
| |
Purposive Sampling | |
| |
| |
Theoretical Sampling | |
| |
| |
Generalizability Is Present In A Single Case | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Ethical Research | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Standards Of Ethical Research | |
| |
| |
Why Ethics Matter For Your Research | |
| |
| |
Ethical Guidelines In Practice | |
| |
| |
Complex Ethical Issues | |
| |
| |
Research Governance | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Managing Ethical Demands | |
| |
| |
Writing A Research Proposal | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Aim For Crystal Clarity | |
| |
| |
Plan Before You Write | |
| |
| |
Be Persuasive | |
| |
| |
Be Practical | |
| |
| |
Make Broader Links | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Collecting and Analysing Your Data | |
| |
| |
Collecting Your Data | |
| |
| |
Collecting Interview Data | |
| |
| |
Collecting Ethnographic Data | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Developing Data Analysis | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Kick-Starting Data Analysis | |
| |
| |
A Case Study | |
| |
| |
Interviews | |
| |
| |
Fieldnotes | |
| |
| |
Transcripts | |
| |
| |
Visual Data | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Using Computers To Analyse Qualitative Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
What CAQDAS Software Can Do For You | |
| |
| |
Advantages Of CAQDAS | |
| |
| |
Limitations And Disadvantages | |
| |
| |
Theory Building With CAQDAS | |
| |
| |
Keyword Analysis | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Quality In Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Validity | |
| |
| |
Reliability | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Evaluating Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Two Guides For Evaluating Research | |
| |
| |
Four Quality Criteria | |
| |
| |
Applying Quality Criteria | |
| |
| |
Four Quality Issues Revisited | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Writing Up | |
| |
| |
The First Few Pages | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Title | |
| |
| |
The Abstract | |
| |
| |
The List of Contents | |
| |
| |
The Introduction | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
The Literature Review Chapter | |
| |
| |
Recording Your Reading | |
| |
| |
Writing Your Literature Review | |
| |
| |
Practical Questions | |
| |
| |
Principles | |
| |
| |
Do You Need A Literature Review Chapter? | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
The Methodology Chapter | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
What Should The Methodology Chapter Contain? | |
| |
| |
A Natural History Chapter? | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Writing Your Data Chapters | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Macrostructure | |
| |
| |
The Microstructure | |
| |
| |
Tightening Up | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Your Final Chapter | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Final Chapter As Mutual Stimulation | |
| |
| |
What Exactly Should Your Final Chapter Contain? | |
| |
| |
Confessions And Trumpets | |
| |
| |
Theorizing As Thinking Through Data | |
| |
| |
Writing For Audiences | |
| |
| |
Why Your Final Chapter Can Be Fun | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Getting Support | |
| |
| |
Making Good Use Of Your Supervisor | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Supervision Horror Stories | |
| |
| |
Student And Supervisor Expectations | |
| |
| |
The Early Stages | |
| |
| |
The Later Stages | |
| |
| |
Standards Of Good Practice | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Getting Feedback | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Writing | |
| |
| |
Speaking | |
| |
| |
The Art Of Presenting Research | |
| |
| |
Feedback From The People You Study | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Review | |
| |
| |
Effective Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Keep It Simple | |
| |
| |
Take Advantage Of Using Qualitative Data | |
| |
| |
Avoid Drowning In Data | |
| |
| |
Avoid Journalism | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
The Aftermath | |
| |
| |
Surviving an Oral Examination | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Viva Horror Stories | |
| |
| |
Preparing For Your Oral | |
| |
| |
Doing The Oral | |
| |
| |
Outcomes | |
| |
| |
Revising Your Thesis After The Oral | |
| |
| |
A Case Study | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Getting Published | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Backstage Politics Of Publishing | |
| |
| |
Strategic Choices | |
| |
| |
What Journals Are Looking For | |
| |
| |
Reviewers' Comments | |
| |
| |
How To Write A Short Journal Article | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Audiences | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Policy-Making Audience | |
| |
| |
The Practitioner Audience | |
| |
| |
The Lay Audience | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Finding A Job | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Learning About Vacancies | |
| |
| |
Getting On A Shortlist | |
| |
| |
The Job Interview | |
| |
| |
Concluding Remarks | |
| |
| |
Appendix: Simplified Transcription Symbols | |