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Contributors | |
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Preface | |
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The Meritocracy of Stem Cells for Therapy | |
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References | |
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Overview of Adult Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiac Disease | |
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Introduction | |
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Regenerative Potential of the Native Myocardial Tissue | |
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Adult Stem Cells | |
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Other Cell Types | |
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Homing to Ischaemic Myocardium | |
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Mechanisms of Cardiac Function Improvement | |
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Final Comments | |
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References | |
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Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential | |
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Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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ES Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes | |
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Other Animal Models for ES Cell-Based Therapeutics | |
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Barriers to Successful Use of ES Cell-Based Therapies | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Umbilical Cord Blood Cells for Cardiac Repair | |
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Introduction | |
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Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure | |
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Myocardial Regeneration and Cell-Based Therapy | |
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Problems with the Available Cell Sources | |
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The Rationale for Using UCB Progenitor Cells for Myocardial Repair | |
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Data from Animal Models | |
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How Do Cord Blood Cells Repair Ischemic Tissue? | |
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Ex vivo Expansion | |
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Immunosuppression and Graft versus Host Disease | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Amniotic Stem Cells | |
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Introduction | |
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Amniocentesis | |
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Differentiated Cells from Amniotic Fluid | |
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Amniotic Fluid | |
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Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Stem Cell Homing to Injury in Cellular Cardiomyoplasty | |
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Introduction | |
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The Prelude: Insights from Bone Marrow Transplantation | |
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Animal Studies | |
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The Signaling Molecules | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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A Molecular Imaging Perspective on Cardiac Repair with Stem Cells | |
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Introduction | |
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Radionuclide Imaging | |
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Optical Imaging | |
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Ultrasound | |
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MRI Imaging | |
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Intracellular MRI Contrast Agents | |
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MRI Tracking of Stem Cells in the Heart | |
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Multimodality | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Marrow Stromal Cells as Universal Donor Cells for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Fact or Fancy? | |
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Introduction | |
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Maternal-Fetal Cell Microchimerism: A Whisper of the Nature? | |
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Stem Cell Therapy and Immune Rejection | |
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Marrow Stromal Cells for Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: An Experimental Study in Porcine/Rat Xenotransplant | |
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Model Without Immunosuppression | |
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Mechanisms of MSC Immune Tolerance | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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The Preclinical Basis to Find the Right Choice of Stem Cells for Cardiac Transplantation | |
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Introduction | |
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Skeletal Myoblasts (SM) | |
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Bone Marrow Stem Sells | |
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Cord Blood Cells | |
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Cardiac Precursor Cells | |
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Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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Closing Remarks | |
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References | |
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Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells for Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease: Background and Experience from Clinical Trials | |
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Introduction | |
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Cell Populations | |
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Selection of Patients | |
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Administration of the Cells | |
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Clinical Studies | |
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Safety | |
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Discussion | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Skeletal Myoblast Transplantation for Ischemic Heart Failure | |
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Theoretical and Experimental Basis for the Use of Skeletal Myoblasts | |
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Update on Clinical Studies | |
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Remaining Issues | |
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Economic Issues | |
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Methodologic Issues | |
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References | |
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Myocardial Tissue Regeneration Observed in Stem-Cell Seeded Bioengineered Scaffolds | |
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Introduction | |
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Materials and Methods | |
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Results | |
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Discussion | |
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References | |
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Stem Cells and Heart Valves | |
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Introduction | |
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Modes of Failure in Existing Heart Valves | |
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Embryologic Development of Native Semilunar Valves | |
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Structure and Function of the Native Semilunar Heart Valves | |
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Approaches to a Tissue Engineered Heart Valve | |
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Differentiated and Stem Cells for Tissue Engineered Heart Valves | |
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Scaffolds: Polymers | |
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Tissue Formation: Biochemical and Biophysical Pre-Conditioning | |
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In Vivo Experiments | |
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Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: Present and Future | |
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References | |
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Potential Applications of Combined Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Infarcted Heart | |
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Introduction | |
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Stem Cells for Cellular Cardiomyoplasty | |
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Gene Therapy for Myocardial Repair | |
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Combining Cellular Cardiomyoplasty with Gene Delivery | |
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Cell Based Gene Delivery to Alleviate Cellular Apoptosis | |
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Cell Based Gene Delivery for Myogenesis and Electromechanical Integration | |
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Cell Based Gene Delivery for Angiogenesis | |
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Angiogenesis Using Genetically Engineered Cells | |
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Future Directions | |
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References | |
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Optimal Expansion and Differentiation of Cord Blood Stem Cells Using Design of Experiments | |
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Introduction | |
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Hematopoiesis | |
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Design of Experiments | |
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Results and Discussion | |
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DOE Application in Stem Cell Bioprocessing | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Index | |