| |
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| The Basics | |
| |
| |
| |
| About /bin/sh | |
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| Using the Shell | |
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| Basic Commands | |
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| ls | |
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| cp | |
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| mv | |
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| touch | |
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| rm | |
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| echo | |
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| Using Directory Commands | |
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| cd | |
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| mkdir | |
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| rmdir | |
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| Shell Wildcards | |
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| Intermediate Commands | |
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| grep | |
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| more and less | |
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| pwd | |
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| diff | |
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| file | |
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| find | |
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| head and tail | |
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| sort | |
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| |
| Changing Your Password and Shell | |
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| chsh | |
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| Dot Files | |
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| Environment and Shell Variables | |
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| The Command Path | |
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| Special Characters | |
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| Command-Line Editing | |
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| Text Editors | |
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| Getting Online Help | |
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| Shell Input and Output | |
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| Standard Error | |
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| Standard Input Redirection | |
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| Understanding Error Messages | |
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| Common Errors | |
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| Processes | |
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| Killing Processes | |
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| Job Control | |
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| Background Processes | |
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| File Modes and Permissions | |
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| Modifying Permissions | |
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| Symbolic Links | |
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| |
| Archiving and Compressing Files | |
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| Compressed Archives (.tar.gz) | |
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| |
| |
| Other Compression Utilities | |
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| |
| Devices, Disks, Filesystems, and the Kernel | |
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| Directory Hierarchy | |
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| The Essential Root Subdirectories | |
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| Other Root Subdirectories | |
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| The /usr Directory | |
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| The Kernel | |
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| Devices | |
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| |
| dd and Devices | |
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| Device Name Summary | |
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| Creating Device Files | |
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| Partitioning Disk Devices | |
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| Filesystems | |
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| Filesystem Types | |
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| Creating a Filesystem | |
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| Mounting a Filesystem | |
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| Filesystem Buffering | |
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| Filesystem Mount Options | |
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| The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table | |
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| Filesystem Capacity | |
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| Checking and Repairing Filesystems | |
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| Special-Purpose Filesystems | |
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| Swap and Virtual Memory | |
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| |
| Using a Disk Partition as Swap Space | |
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| |
| Using a File as Swap Space | |
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| |
| How Much Swap Do You Need? | |
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| How Linux Boots | |
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| init | |
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| Runlevels | |
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| How Processes in Runlevels Start | |
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| Adding and Removing Services | |
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| |
| |
| Controlling init | |
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| |
| Shutting Down | |
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| |
| Boot Loaders | |
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| |
| LILO | |
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| GRUB | |
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| Other Boot Loaders | |
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| |
| Single-User Mode and Emergency Booting | |
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| |
| |
| Virtual Consoles | |
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| Essential System Files, Servers, and Utilities | |
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| |
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| System Logging | |
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| A Glance at /etc | |
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| |
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| User Management Files | |
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| Manipulating Users and Passwords | |
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| |
| |
| Working with Groups | |
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| getty and login | |
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| Setting the Time | |
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| Time Zones | |
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| Network Time | |
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| |
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| Scheduling Recurring Tasks with cron | |
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| |
| |
| Installing Crontab Files | |
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| |
| System Crontab Files | |
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| |
| |
| Scheduling One-Time Tasks with at | |
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| Tracking Individual Processes | |
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| |
| |
| Finding Open Files with Isof | |
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| |
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| Tracing Program Execution with strace and Itrace | |
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| |
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| Adjusting Process Priorities | |
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| |
| |
| Monitoring System Performance | |
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| |
| |
| Running Commands as the Superuser | |
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| |
| |
| Real UID and Effective UID | |
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| |
| |
| Configuring Your Network | |
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| |
| |
| Network Layers | |
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| |
| |
| The Internet Layer | |
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| |
| |
| More on Subnets | |
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| |
| |
| Basic ICMP Tools | |
| |
| |
| |
| Configuring Interfaces and the Host-to-Network Layer | |
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| |
| |
| Configuring a Default Gateway | |
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| |
| |
| Resolving Hostnames | |
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| |
| |
| Using DHCP Clients | |
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| |
| |
| PPP Connections | |
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| |
| |
| Testing Your Serial Port and Modem | |
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| |
| |
| Starting pppd with Options Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chat Scripts | |
| |
| |
| |
| PAP and CHAP | |
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| |
| |
| Options Files | |
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| |
| |
| PPP Directory Permissions | |
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| |
| |
| Broadband Connections | |
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| |
| |
| Routers | |
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| |
| PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) | |
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| |
| |
| Ethernet Networks | |
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| |
| |
| Ethernet and IP | |
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| |
| |
| Private Networks | |
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| |
| |
| Configuring Routes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transport Layer: TCP, UDP, and Services | |
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| |
| |
| Firewalls | |
| |
| |
| |
| Firewall Strategies | |
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| |
| |
| IP Tables Reference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network Address Translation (IP Masquerading) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wireless Ethernet | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Lecture on Wireless Security | |
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| |
| |
| Network Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Basics of Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stand-Alone Servers | |
| |
| |
| |
| The inetd Daemon | |
| |
| |
| |
| TCP Wrapper: tcpd, /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny | |
| |
| |
| |
| xinetd | |
| |
| |
| |
| Secure Shell (SSH) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Installing OpenSSH | |
| |
| |
| |
| The SSHD Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| The SSH Client | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diagnostic Tools | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isof | |
| |
| |
| |
| tcpdump | |
| |
| |
| |
| Netcat | |
| |
| |
| |
| Remote Procedure Call (RPC) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where Linux Distributions Stand | |
| |
| |
| |
| Typical Vulnerabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Port Scanning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Shell Scripts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shell Script Basics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Limitations of Shell Scripts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quoting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Special Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| $1, $2 | |
| |
| |
| |
| $# | |
| |
| |
| |
| $@ | |
| |
| |
| |
| $0 | |
| |
| |
| |
| $$ | |
| |
| |
| |
| $? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exit Codes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conditionals | |
| |
| |
| |
| && and I I Logical Constructs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Matching Strings with case | |
| |
| |
| |
| Loops | |
| |
| |
| |
| Command Substitution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temporary File Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Here Documents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Important Shell Script Utilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| basename | |
| |
| |
| |
| awk | |
| |
| |
| |
| sed | |
| |
| |
| |
| xargs | |
| |
| |
| |
| expr | |
| |
| |
| |
| exec | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subshells | |
| |
| |
| |
| Including Other Files in Scripts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reading User Input | |
| |
| |
| |
| Too Much? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Development Tools | |
| |
| |
| |
| The C Compiler | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multiple Source Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Header (Include) Files and Directories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Linking with Libraries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shared Libraries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Make | |
| |
| |
| |
| Debuggers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lex and Yacc | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scripting Languages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perl | |
| |
| |
| |
| Python | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Scripting Languages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Java | |
| |
| |
| |
| Assembly Code and How a Compiler Works | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compiling Software from Source Code | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unpacking Source Packages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where to Start | |
| |
| |
| |
| GNU Autoconf | |
| |
| |
| |
| configure Script Options | |
| |
| |
| |
| Environment Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Autoconf Targets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Autoconf Log Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Custom Makefiles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imake | |
| |
| |
| |
| pkg-config | |
| |
| |
| |
| Installation Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where to Install | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applying a Patch | |
| |
| |
| |
| Troubleshooting Compiles and Installations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specific Errors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintaining the Kernel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Do You Need to Build Your Own Kernel? | |
| |
| |
| |
| What You Need to Build a Kernel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Getting the Source Code | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unpacking the Source Archive | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Look Around the Kernel Source | |
| |
| |
| |
| Distribution Kernels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Configuring and Compiling the Kernel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Configuration Options | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compiling the Kernel and Modules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Installing Modules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kernel Parameters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Installing Your Kernel with a Boot Loader | |
| |
| |
| |
| Which Boot Loader? | |
| |
| |
| |
| GRUB | |
| |
| |
| |
| LILO | |
| |
| |
| |
| Initial RAM Disks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing the Kernel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Boot Floppies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with Loadable Kernel Modules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kernel Module Loader | |
| |
| |
| |
| modprobe Configuration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Configuring and Manipulating Peripheral Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Floppy Drives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Floppy Images | |
| |
| |
| |
| Low-Level Formatting a Floppy Disk | |
| |
| |
| |
| CD Writers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Verifying the Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating a Filesystem Image and Writing a CD | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to USB | |
| |
| |
| |
| USB Device Filesystem and Utilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| USB Input Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
| USB Digital Cameras, External Flash Media, and External Disks | |
| |
| |
| |
| IEEE 1394/FireWire Disks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hotplug Support | |
| |
| |
| |
| PC Cards (PCMCIA) | |
| |
| |
| |
| When You Insert a Card | |
| |
| |
| |
| cardctl | |
| |
| |
| |
| Approaching Other Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Printing | |
| |
| |
| |
| PostScript | |
| |
| |
| |
| Print Servers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Print Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Print Clients | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network Printing | |
| |
| |
| |
| CUPS | |
| |
| |
| |
| Configuring cupsd | |
| |
| |
| |
| CUPS Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Starting CUPS | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adding and Editing Printers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Printer Devices (Backend Specifications) | |
| |
| |
| |
| PPD Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specifying a Filter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Foomatic (for Non-PostScript Printers) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Administrative Command Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Client Access Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Auto-Discovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Running an LPD-Compatible Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| Troubleshooting CUPS | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ghostscript | |
| |
| |
| |
| Command-Line Options | |
| |
| |
| |
| More Ghostscript Tricks | |
| |
| |
| |
| HP Inkjet Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| Further Printing Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backups | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Should You Back Up? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backup Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Full and Incremental Backups | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using tar for Backups and Restores | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating Archives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Incremental Backups with tar | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extracting Archives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backups to Non-Traditional Media | |
| |
| |
| |
| Backups to Hard Disks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tape Drive Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with Tape Drives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating Archives on a Tape | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reading from Tape | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extracting Archives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving Forward and Backing Up | |
| |
| |
| |
| mt Commands and Status | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct File Access | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Archivers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dump and Restore | |
| |
| |
| |
| cpio | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amanda Tapes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Further Backup Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sharing Files with Samba | |
| |
| |
| |
| Configuring the Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| Server Access Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Passwords | |
| |
| |
| |
| Starting the Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diagnostics and Log Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sharing Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Home Directories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sharing Printers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sharing a Single Printer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using the Samba Client | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accessing Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Printing to a Windows Share | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network File Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| rsync Basics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Making Exact Copies of a Directory Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using the Trailing Slash | |
| |
| |
| |
| Excluding Files and Directories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Checksums and Verbose Transfers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compression | |
| |
| |
| |
| Limiting Bandwidth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transferring Files to Your Computer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Further rsync Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| User Environments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Appropriate Startup Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shell Startup File Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Command Path | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Manual Page Path | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Prompt | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aliases | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Permissions Mask | |
| |
| |
| |
| Startup File Order and Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
| The bash Shell | |
| |
| |
| |
| The tcsh Shell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Default User Settings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Editor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pager | |
| |
| |
| |
| Startup File Pitfalls | |
| |
| |
| |
| Further Startup Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Buying Hardware for Linux | |
| |
| |
| |
| Core Components | |
| |
| |
| |
| Processor and Motherboard | |
| |
| |
| |
| Memory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hard Disk | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network Cards and Infrastructure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Graphics Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Hardware Components | |
| |
| |
| |
| Monitors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Keyboards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Printers | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Word About Hardware Upgrades | |
| |
| |
| |
| Saving Money | |
| |
| |
| |
| CPU | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hard Disk | |
| |
| |
| |
| Computer Case | |
| |
| |
| |
| Video Card | |
| |
| |
| |
| Notebooks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Smaller Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Further Directions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Additional Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Final Thoughts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Command Classification | |
| |
| |
| Index | |