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Introduction | |
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WANs and Routers | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Introduction to Routing Over WANs | |
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Connecting Routers to WAN Links | |
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WAN Clocking on DTE and DCE Devices | |
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WAN Standards | |
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Creating Inexpensive Leased Lines in a Lab | |
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Overview of Routing Over WANs | |
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Router Hardware and Software Components | |
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Router Components and Cabling | |
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Internal Router Components | |
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External Router Interfaces | |
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Cabling Ethernet LAN Interfaces | |
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Cabling WAN Interfaces for Leased Lines | |
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Cabling Other Types of WANs | |
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Router Management Ports | |
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Cabling and Accessing a Router Console Port | |
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Cabling a Router Auxiliary Port | |
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Comparing the Console and Auxiliary Ports | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Introduction to Routers | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Operating the Cisco IOS CLI | |
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The Cisco IOS CLI | |
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Router EXEC Modes | |
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Router Configuration Modes | |
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Perspectives on What Needs to Be Configured on a Router | |
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Configuration Process and Configuration Modes | |
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Cisco IOS Fundamentals | |
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Cisco IOS Features and Filenames | |
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Storing Cisco IOS in Flash Memory and RAM | |
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Two Alternative OSs | |
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Starting, Configuring, Accessing, and Using a Router | |
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Initial Booting of a Router | |
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Performing a Power-On Self Test | |
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Loading the Bootstrap Program | |
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Loading the Cisco IOS | |
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Loading the Startup Configuration into RAM | |
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Creating an Initial Configuration Using Setup Mode | |
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Accessing a Router | |
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Cabling and Accessing a Router Console Port | |
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Review of Router EXEC and Configuration Modes | |
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Router Password Basics | |
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Using a Router CLI | |
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How to Find the Commands Available from the CLI | |
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How to Find the Available Options on a Command | |
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Recalling Old Commands to Save Typing Effort | |
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Changing the Command on the Command Line | |
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Automatic Help When a Command Is Mistyped | |
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Show version Command | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Configuring a Router | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Configuring a Router for Basic Routing | |
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Reviewing the Configuration Modes | |
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Configuring Ethernet and Serial Interfaces | |
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Configuring Clock Rate on a Serial Link | |
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Configuring Routes | |
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Summarizing the Working Configurations for R1 and R2 | |
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Configuring Hostnames and Passwords | |
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Configuring a Router's Hostname | |
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User and Enable Mode Passwords | |
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Examining Operational Status Using show Commands | |
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Changing the Configuration | |
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What to Do if the Configuration Is Incorrect | |
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What to Do After the Configuration Is Correct | |
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Documenting the Router Configuration | |
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Configuring Interface Descriptions | |
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Configuring Login Banners | |
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Configuring Local Host Tables | |
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Backing Up the Configuration | |
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Using TFTP to Back Up a Configuration | |
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Where to Keep the Backup Configuration Files | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Learning About Other Devices | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discovering Neighbors Using CDP | |
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CDP Protocol Operations | |
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CDP Versions 1 and 2 | |
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CDP Timers | |
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Information Learned by CDP | |
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Configuring and Verifying CDP Operations | |
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Creating a Network Map Using CDP Information | |
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Additional CDP Verification and Troubleshooting Commands | |
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Getting Information and Troubleshooting Remote Devices | |
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Verifying Which Networking Layers Are Working | |
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Telnet Basics | |
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Cisco IOS telnet Command | |
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Basic Telnet Troubleshooting | |
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Issues with the Default Name Resolution Method | |
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Advanced Telnet: Suspending and Switching Between Telnet Connections | |
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Switching Between Multiple Telnet Connections | |
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Number of Concurrent Telnets | |
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Cisco IOS ping and traceroute Commands | |
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Cisco IOS ping Command | |
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Cisco IOS traceroute Command | |
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Summarizing the ping and traceroute Commands | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Managing Cisco IOS Software | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Router Boot Sequence and Loading Cisco IOS Images | |
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Choosing the Cisco IOS Image During the Router Boot Sequence | |
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Choosing the Cisco IOS Image Based on the Configuration Register | |
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Choosing the Cisco IOS Based on boot system Commands | |
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Loading the First File in Flash Memory | |
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Broadcasting to Find a Cisco IOS on a TFTP Server | |
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Loading a Limited-Function OS from ROM | |
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Troubleshooting and Verifying the Choice of Cisco IOS | |
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Determining How a Router Should Apply the Five-Step Decision Process | |
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Determining Which Steps Failed | |
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Managing Cisco Router IOS and Configuration Files | |
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Cisco IOS File System | |
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Cisco IOS Filenames | |
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Copying and Managing Cisco IOS Images | |
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Copying Using the Cisco IOS copy Command | |
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Copying Using the ROMMON tftpdnld Command | |
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Copying Using ROMMON and Xmodem | |
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Verifying Cisco IOS Images | |
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Copying and Managing Cisco IOS Configuration Files | |
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Copying Configuration Files Using the IOS copy Command | |
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Copying Configuration Files Using Copy and Paste | |
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Recovering from Lost Passwords | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Routing and Routing Protocols | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Introduction to Static and Connected IP Routes | |
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Learning Connected Routes | |
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Static Routes | |
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Configuring Static Routes in a Small, Nonredundant Network | |
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Using Static Routes for Dial Backup Using Administrative Distance | |
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Statically Defined Default Routes | |
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Verifying Static Routes | |
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Dynamic Routing Overview | |
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Terminology Related to Routing Protocols | |
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Routing Protocol Functions | |
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Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols | |
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How Routing Protocols Work: Routing Protocol Algorithms | |
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Distance Vector Routing Protocol Features | |
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Link-State Routing Protocol Features | |
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Routing Protocols Overview | |
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A Brief Review of IP Routing | |
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Routing Protocol Features: RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP | |
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RIP Configuration | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Distance Vector Routing Protocols | |
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Objectives | |
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Additional Topics of Interest | |
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Key Terms | |
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Avoiding Loops When Converging Using Distance Vector Routing Protocols | |
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Review of Distance Vector Operation in a Stable Network | |
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Route Poisoning | |
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Problem: Counting to Infinity | |
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Loop-Prevention Features | |
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Split Horizon | |
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Poison Reverse and Triggered Updates | |
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Using Holddown Timers to Prevent Loops in Redundant Networks | |
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The Holddown Process and Holddown Timer | |
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Summarizing Loop Avoidance | |
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Routing Information Protocol | |
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Configuring RIP Versions 1 and 2 | |
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Configuring RIP V1 | |
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Configuring RIP V2 | |
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Using Both RIP V1 and V2 | |
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Design Options Impacted by the RIP Version | |
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Other RIP Configuration Options | |
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Adjusting RIP Timers | |
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Disabling Split Horizon | |
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Configuring Neighbors | |
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Enabling the passive-interface Command | |
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Filtering Routes | |
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RIP Verification and Troubleshooting | |
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Verifying RIP Operations Using show Commands | |
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Troubleshooting RIP Operations Using the debug Command | |
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Choosing the Best Route Among the Possible Routes | |
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Load Balancing over Multiple Equal-Cost Routes | |
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Choosing Routes Based on Administrative Distance | |
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Integrating Static Routes with RIP | |
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Floating Static Routes | |
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Advertising Default Routes with RIP | |
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Classful and Classless Routing Protocols, Routing, and Addressing | |
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Classless and Classful Routing Protocols | |
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Classless and Classful Routing | |
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Classless and Classful Addressing | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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TCP/IP Suite Error and Control Messages | |
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Objectives | |
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Additional Topics of Interest | |
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Key Terms | |
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ICMP Echo Messages and the ping Command | |
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ICMP Unreachable: Notifying Hosts When the Packet Cannot Be Delivered | |
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A Review of IP Routing | |
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Type Codes for ICMP Unreachable Messages | |
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ICMP Unreachable Message Formats and Codes | |
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ICMP Unreachable Messages When a Router Cannot Fragment a Packet | |
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ICMP TTL Exceeded and Long Routes | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Basic Router Troubleshooting | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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Examining the Routing Table | |
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IP Routing (Forwarding) | |
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The show ip route Command | |
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IP Routing: Layer 3 Perspective | |
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IP Routing: Layer 2 Perspective | |
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Filling the IP Routing Table with Routes | |
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Comparing Static Routes and Dynamically Learned Routes | |
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Default Routes and the Gateway of Last Resort | |
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Administrative Distance | |
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Choosing Routes Based on the Metric | |
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Determining the Last Routing Update | |
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Using Multiple Equal-Cost Routes | |
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Using Multiple Unequal-Cost Routes Using Variance | |
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Network Testing Methods and Tips | |
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Troubleshooting Methods | |
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Troubleshooting Tips | |
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Layer 1 Tips | |
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Layer 2 Tips | |
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Layer 3 Troubleshooting Using Ping | |
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Layer 7 Troubleshooting Using Telnet | |
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Router and Routing Troubleshooting Tips | |
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Troubleshooting Using the show interfaces Command | |
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Understanding Routing Interface Status | |
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Indications of Typical Layer 1 Problems | |
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Indications of Typical Layer 2 Problems | |
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Troubleshooting Layer 1 Using the show controllers Command | |
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Troubleshooting Using the show cdp Command | |
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Troubleshooting Using the traceroute Command | |
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Troubleshooting Using the show ip route and show ip protocols Commands | |
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Troubleshooting Using the debug Command | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Intermediate TCP/IP | |
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Objectives | |
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Key Terms | |
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TCP and UDP Operation | |
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Flow Control and Windowing | |
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Flow Control Through Dynamic Sliding Windows | |
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Flow Control Through Withholding Acknowledgments | |
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Establishing and Terminating TCP Connections | |
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Denial-of-Service Attacks and SYN Floods | |
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TCP Error Recovery (Reliability) | |
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Segmentation, Reassembly, and In-Order Delivery | |
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Comparing TCP and UDP | |
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Operation of Transport Layer Ports | |
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Connecting to Servers: Well-Known Ports | |
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Comparing Well-Known, Dynamic, and Registered Ports | |
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Comparing MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and Port Numbers | |
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Summary | |
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Check Your Understanding | |
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Challenge Questions and Activities | |
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Access Control Lists | |
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Objectives | |
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Additional Topics of Interest | |
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Key Terms | |