Foreword | p. ix |
Distribution Mathematics | p. 1 |
Working With Numbers | p. 1 |
Conversion of US Customary Units | p. 4 |
The Metric System | p. 5 |
Distribution System Hydraulics | p. 8 |
Fluids at Rest and in Motion | p. 8 |
Hydraulic Gradient | p. 13 |
State and Federal Regulations | p. 15 |
Federal Regulations | p. 15 |
State Regulations | p. 21 |
Public Health Considerations | p. 23 |
Sources of Contamination | p. 23 |
Water Quality Monitoring | p. 24 |
Distribution System Water Quality Problems | p. 28 |
Water Quality Safeguards | p. 29 |
Distribution System Design | p. 31 |
Water Source Effects on System Design | p. 31 |
Types of Water System Layout | p. 33 |
Water Main Sizing | p. 34 |
Water Main Pipe | p. 39 |
Pipe Selection | p. 39 |
Types of Pipe Service | p. 41 |
Types of Pipe Materials | p. 42 |
Distribution System Valves | p. 56 |
Types of Valves | p. 56 |
Valve Operation and Installation | p. 64 |
Water Main Installation | p. 69 |
Pipe Shipment, Unloading and Stringing | p. 69 |
Excavation | p. 72 |
Pipe Laying | p. 79 |
Connecting to Existing Mains | p. 84 |
Air Relief | p. 87 |
Backfilling and Main Testing | p. 89 |
Backfilling the Trench | p. 89 |
Pressure Testing the Main | p. 91 |
Flushing and Disinfection | p. 92 |
Bacteriological Testing | p. 94 |
Fire Hydrants | p. 96 |
Hydrant Uses | p. 96 |
Types of Fire Hydrants | p. 98 |
Hydrant Installation | p. 102 |
Hydrant Maintenance | p. 104 |
Distribution System Operation and Maintenance | p. 107 |
Distribution System Inspection | p. 107 |
Cleaning and Lining Mains | p. 108 |
Pipe Locating and Leak Detection | p. 115 |
Emergency Repairs | p. 119 |
Water Service | p. 126 |
Service Line Design | p. 126 |
Service Line Materials | p. 128 |
Water Service Taps | p. 132 |
Water Service Maintenance and Repair | p. 136 |
Water Meters | p. 140 |
Customer Service Meters | p. 140 |
Large Water Meters | p. 145 |
Meter Reading | p. 149 |
Meter Maintenance | p. 153 |
Cross-Connection Control | p. 155 |
Cross-Connection Terminology | p. 155 |
Public Health Significance | p. 144 |
Backflow Control Devices | p. 156 |
Cross-Connection Control Programs | p. 162 |
Water Storage | p. 164 |
Purposes of Water Storage | p. 164 |
Types of Storage Facilities | p. 167 |
Location of Distribution Storage | p. 172 |
Elevated Tank Equipment | p. 174 |
Ground-Level Reservoir Equipment | p. 177 |
Operation and Maintenance of Storage Facilities | p. 177 |
Water Wells | p. 181 |
Aquifers and Confining Beds | p. 181 |
Groundwater Sources | p. 182 |
Well Terms | p. 184 |
Well Protection | p. 186 |
Measuring the Water Level in a Well | p. 188 |
Well Records | p. 191 |
Pumps and Motors | p. 192 |
Types of Pumps | p. 192 |
Pump Operation and Maintenance | p. 197 |
Motors | p. 203 |
Motor Control Equipment | p. 205 |
Pump, Motor, and Engine Records | p. 206 |
Maintaining Distribution System Water Quality | p. 208 |
Water Quality Entering the Distribution System | p. 208 |
Changes in Water Quality in the Distribution System | p. 208 |
Dealing with Distribution System Water Quality Problems | p. 210 |
Distribution System Safety | p. 212 |
Personal Safety Considerations | p. 212 |
Equipment Safety | p. 213 |
Instrumentation and Control | p. 219 |
Monitoring Sensors | p. 219 |
Secondary Instrumentation | p. 226 |
Control Systems | p. 228 |
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition | p. 230 |
Distribution System Maps and Records | p. 232 |
Distribution System Maps | p. 232 |
Equipment Records | p. 239 |
Computerized Water Distribution Records | p. 241 |
Public Relations | p. 243 |
Workers Who Have Contact With the Public | p. 243 |
Dealing With the Media | p. 246 |
Conversion of US Customary Units | p. 247 |
Metric Conversions | p. 251 |
Celsius/Fahrenheit Comparison Graph | p. 255 |
Sources of Additional Information | p. 256 |
AWWA Standards | p. 258 |
Index | p. 262 |
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