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| Electronic Scanning Radar Systems (ESRS) Design and Architecture | |
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| Modern Radar Requirements | |
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| Increased Range Coverage | |
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| Increased Resolution | |
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| Shorter Reaction Time | |
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| Electronic Scanning Radar Systems (ESRS) Characteristics | |
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| Definition | |
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| Electronic Scanning Techniques | |
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| Implementation | |
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| Illumination Tapering | |
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| Advantages of ESRSs | |
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| Disadvantages of ESRSs | |
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| Parameter Management | |
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| ESRS Integration, Test and Evaluation | |
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| ESR System Design Methodology | |
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| Problem for Lecture #7 | |
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| Antenna Array Fundamentals - Part 1 | |
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| Linear Arrays | |
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| Uniform Weighting | |
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| Weighted Apertures | |
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| Planar Arrays | |
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| Rectangular Aperture | |
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| Circular Apertures | |
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| Equivalence Between Circular and Linear Aperture Antenna Patterns | |
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| Monopulse Difference Patterns | |
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| Array Thinning | |
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| Statistical Density Tapering | |
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| Sidelobe Level of Thinned Arrays | |
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| Directivity of a Thinned Array | |
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| System Aspects of Thinned Arrays | |
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| Antenna Array Fundamentals: Part 2 | |
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| Effects of Errors on Antenna Array Characteristics | |
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| Effect of Errors on Antenna Sidelobe Levels and Directivity | |
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| Angle Measurement Accuracy | |
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| Detection Considerations for Phased Arrays | |
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| Beam Shape Loss, Beam Packing Loss, and Optimum Beam Spacing | |
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| Sequential Detection | |
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| Acknowledgement | |
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| References | |
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| Phased Array Elements - Part 1 | |
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| General Considerations of Array Elements | |
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| The Large Phased Array | |
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| Array Factor | |
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| Element Factor | |
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| Phased Array Elements - Part 2 | |
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| Element Matching | |
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| Matching with Frequency | |
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| Wide Angle Impedance Matching (WAIM) | |
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| Waveguide Simulators [19, 20] | |
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| The Small Array | |
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| Some Designed Elements | |
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| Narrow Band Designs | |
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| Broadband Designs | |
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| Aperture Effects | |
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| Feed Effects | |
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| Array Feeds | |
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| Selecting a Feed System | |
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| Electrical Performance Requirements | |
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| Environmental Requirements | |
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| Types of Array Feed Techniques | |
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| Array Feed Categories | |
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| General Characteristics of Array Feeds | |
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| Analysis of Feed Network Performance | |
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| Reactive Divider Network | |
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| Matched Divider Network | |
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| Constrained Feeds | |
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| Constrained Feed-Parallel | |
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| Constrained Feed-Serial | |
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| Semi-Constrained Feed | |
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| Radial Feeds | |
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| Sector Horn Feeds | |
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| Constrained Lens Feeds | |
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| Unconstrained Feeds | |
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| Transmission Lens Array | |
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| Reflect Arrays | |
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| Special Feed Techniques | |
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| Self-Duplexing | |
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| Self-Isolation | |
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| Sub-Arrays | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Phase Control Device Selection Requirements | |
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| Selection of Phasers | |
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| High-Power Phasers | |
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| Low-Level Phasers | |
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| Selection of Time Delayers | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Case Study -- Design of Air Defense ESRS | |
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| Threat Model/Performance Requirements | |
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| Search | |
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| Detection Range -- Aircraft | |
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| Detection Range -- Missile | |
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| Resolution | |
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| False Alarm Number | |
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| Search Pattern | |
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| Array-Space Coordinates | |
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| Coordinate Transformation Summary | |
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| Probability of Detection | |
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| Energy Requirements | |
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| Track | |
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| Waveform | |
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| Accuracy -- One Sigma Values | |
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| MTI -- Moving Target Indication | |
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| Parameter Management | |
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| Time | |
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| Energy | |
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| Waveform | |
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| Power | |
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| Time and Power Budgets | |
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| Duty Cycle | |
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| Compact, Constrained Feed Phased Array for AN/SPY-1 | |
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| General Functional Requirements of the Array as a Sub-Segment of the AN/SPY-1 Radar | |
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| Functional Description of the Array Antenna | |
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| Description of Major Array Components | |
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| Radiating Elements | |
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| Array Modules | |
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| Combinations of Array Modules | |
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| Receiver Beamforming Networks | |
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| Array Environments | |
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| Performance Requirements | |
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| Internal Heat Load Sources and Air Flow Distribution | |
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| Ships Resources Utilized | |
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| Array Structure | |
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| Structural Analysis | |
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| Summary of Array Performance Characteristics | |
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| RF Loss | |
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| Computed Pattern Characteristics | |
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| Overall Assembly | |
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| Array Testing | |
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| Test Facility | |
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| Test Range | |
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| Calibration and Verification Facilities | |
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| Array and BSC Operational Status Check | |
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| Coordinate Systems | |
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| Angular Coverage | |
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| Results of Performance Tests | |
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| Self-Duplexing | |
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| Antenna Mismatch | |
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| Coverage | |
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| Instantaneous Bandwidth | |
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| Receive Gain | |
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| Transmit Gain | |
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| Transmit and Receive Patterns | |
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| Summary of Pattern Data | |
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| Antenna Monopulse Tracking Characteristics | |
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| Polarization Characteristics of the AN/SPY-1 Array | |
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| Limited Scan Arrays - Part 1 | |
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| Basic Requirements of Limited Scan | |
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| Instantaneous Bandwidth | |
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| Polarization Characteristics and Weather | |
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| Fundamental Bounds and Concepts for Ideal Limited Scan Systems | |
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| Estimates of the Minimum Number of Control Elements | |
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| Ideal Subarray Pattern: Concept of Overlap | |
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| Spatial Fourier Transforms: Orthogonal Beams and Orthogonal Beam Matrices | |
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| Orthogonality and Some Practical Conclusions about Limited Scan Arrays | |
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| An Idealized Circuit for Spatial Overlap, and It's Implications for Design | |
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| The Completely Overlapped Subarray Antenna System (HIPSAF) | |
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| Arrays with Reflectors or Lenses | |
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| Single Reflector and Lens Techniques | |
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| Dual Reflector or Lens Antennas | |
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| Limited Scan Arrays - Part 2 | |
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| Array Techniques | |
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| Aperiodic Arrays | |
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| Spatially Interlaced Arrays | |
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| Multi-Mode Scanning Techniques | |
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| Overlapped Sub-Array Techniques | |
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| Selecting Element Latices for Optimum Scanning | |
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| Dielectric Layers as Spatial Filters | |
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| Design Examples and Conclusion | |
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| Single Reflector Designs | |
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| Dual Reflectors or Lenses | |
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| Array Techniques | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Computer Control of a Multifunction Radar - Part 1 | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Functional Description of System | |
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| Radar System Operation | |
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| Software System Requirements | |
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| Functional Requirements | |
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| Basic Processes | |
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| Multifunction Processing Requirements | |
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| Search-and-Detect Processes | |
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| Radar Dwell Scheduling | |
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| Controlling False Alarms and Redundant Detections | |
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| Controlling Multiple Detections | |
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| Redetection Control | |
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| Transition-to-Track Process | |
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| Track Maintenance | |
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| User Services | |
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| Computer Control of a Multifunction Radar - Part 2 | |
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| Definition of Software System | |
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| Priority Processing and Multiprogramming | |
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| Program Architecture | |
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| Executive Control of Multifunction Operation | |
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| Module Communications | |
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| Data and Control Flows | |
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| Concepts for Efficient Real Time Operation Batch Processing for Reduced Overhead | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Fully Utilizing the Radar Resource | |
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| Further System Consideration | |
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| Saturation Mechanisms | |
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| Sample System | |
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| Peak-Load Case | |
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| Nominal Search | |
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| Comparison of Cases | |