Preface to the Third Edition | p. xvii |
Preface to the Second Edition | p. xix |
An Overview | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Definitions and Types of Pollutants | p. 2 |
Pollutants of Global Concern | p. 6 |
Legislative and Regulatory Trends in the United States | p. 16 |
The Ideal Gas Law and Concentration Measurements in Gases | p. 29 |
Other Applications of the Ideal Gas Law | p. 33 |
Gas Flow Measurement | p. 36 |
Causes, Sources, and Effects | p. 45 |
National Air Quality Trends | p. 58 |
Problems | p. 63 |
References | p. 67 |
What Is Process Design? | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
General Design Considerations | p. 73 |
Engineering Economics | p. 83 |
Control Equipment Cost Estimation | p. 89 |
Preliminary Fixed Capital Cost Estimates for Pollution Control Projects | p. 92 |
Annual Operating Cost Estimates | p. 94 |
Problems | p. 95 |
References | p. 98 |
Particulate Matter | p. 99 |
Introduction | p. 99 |
Characteristics of Particles | p. 99 |
Particulate Behavior in Fluids | p. 108 |
Overview of Particulate Control Equipment | p. 117 |
Problems | p. 120 |
References | p. 122 |
Cyclones | p. 123 |
Introduction | p. 123 |
Theory | p. 126 |
Design Considerations | p. 129 |
Costs | p. 140 |
Problems | p. 143 |
References | p. 146 |
Electrostatic Precipitators | p. 147 |
Introduction | p. 147 |
Theory | p. 149 |
Design Considerations | p. 154 |
Costs | p. 169 |
Problems | p. 171 |
References | p. 174 |
Fabric Filters | p. 177 |
Introduction | p. 177 |
Theory | p. 178 |
Design Considerations | p. 184 |
Costs | p. 200 |
Problems | p. 203 |
References | p. 207 |
Particulate Scrubbers | p. 209 |
Introduction | p. 209 |
Theory and Design Considerations | p. 217 |
Other Considerations | p. 228 |
Costs | p. 234 |
Problems | p. 235 |
References | p. 237 |
Auxiliary Equipment: Hoods, Ducts, Fans, and Coolers | p. 239 |
Introduction | p. 239 |
Hoods | p. 239 |
Ducts | p. 243 |
Fans | p. 254 |
Cooling Hot Airstreams | p. 271 |
Costs | p. 277 |
Problems | p. 288 |
References | p. 289 |
A Particulate Control Problem | p. 291 |
Introduction | p. 291 |
Problem Statement | p. 292 |
Options for Final Control | p. 293 |
Major Items of Equipment | p. 295 |
Summary | p. 303 |
References | p. 305 |
Propertives of Gases and Vapors | p. 307 |
Introduction | p. 307 |
Vapor Pressure | p. 308 |
Diffusivities | p. 311 |
Gas-Liquid and Gas-Solid Equilibria | p. 312 |
Chemical Reactions | p. 314 |
Problems | p. 319 |
References | p. 320 |
VOC Incinerators | p. 321 |
Introduction | p. 321 |
Theory | p. 323 |
Design Considerations | p. 335 |
Costs | p. 352 |
Problems | p. 355 |
References | p. 358 |
Gas Adsorption | p. 361 |
Introduction | p. 361 |
Adsorption Theory | p. 363 |
Physical Properties of Adsorbents | p. 368 |
Fixed-Bed Adsorption Systems | p. 370 |
Design of Fixed-Bed Carbon Adsorption Systems | p. 377 |
Economics of Fixed-Bed Adsorption Systems | p. 383 |
Fluidized-Bed Adsorbers | p. 387 |
Problems | p. 389 |
References | p. 391 |
Gas Absorption | p. 393 |
Introduction | p. 393 |
Absorption Tower Design | p. 394 |
Estimating the Cost of Absorption Towers | p. 419 |
Stripping Operations | p. 423 |
Problems | p. 424 |
References | p. 427 |
Biological Control of VOCs and Odors | p. 429 |
Introduction | p. 429 |
Theory and Descriptive Information | p. 432 |
Key Considerations in the Design and Operation of Biofilters | p. 442 |
Problems | p. 455 |
References | p. 457 |
Control of Sulfur Oxides | p. 459 |
Introduction | p. 459 |
Overview of Control Strategies | p. 460 |
Limestone Scrubbing | p. 473 |
Costs | p. 487 |
Problems | p. 490 |
References | p. 491 |
Control of Nitrogen Oxides | p. 493 |
Introduction | p. 493 |
Chemistry of NO[subscript x] Formation | p. 496 |
NO[subscript x] Control: Stationary Sources | p. 507 |
Costs | p. 516 |
Problems | p. 517 |
References | p. 518 |
A Vapor Control Problem | p. 521 |
Introduction | p. 521 |
Problem Statement | p. 521 |
Selecting a Design Flow Rate | p. 528 |
Carbon Adsorption System | p. 530 |
Thermal Incineration System | p. 530 |
Catalytic Incineration System | p. 531 |
Biofilter System | p. 531 |
Summary | p. 532 |
Mobile Sources: An Overview | p. 533 |
Introduction | p. 533 |
Magnitude of the Problem | p. 535 |
Characteristics of Engines in Mobile Sources | p. 540 |
Vehicle Emissions and Emission Controls | p. 547 |
Other Measures for Control of Air Pollution from Vehicles | p. 561 |
Problems | p. 565 |
References | p. 567 |
Air Pollution and Meteorology | p. 569 |
Introduction | p. 569 |
General Atmospheric Circulation Patterns | p. 570 |
Local Circulation Effects | p. 577 |
Atmospheric Stability and Vertical Mixing | p. 578 |
Photochemistry and Smog | p. 588 |
Meteorology and Air Pollution | p. 601 |
Problems | p. 603 |
References | p. 604 |
Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling | p. 607 |
Introduction | p. 607 |
A Physical Explanation of Dispersion | p. 609 |
The Gaussian Model | p. 611 |
Tall Stacks and Plume Rise | p. 626 |
Computer Programs for Dispersion Modeling (Point Sources) | p. 637 |
Mobile Sources and Line Source Models | p. 638 |
Problems | p. 643 |
References | p. 646 |
Indoor Air Quality and Control | p. 649 |
Introduction | p. 649 |
Some Pollutants of Concern | p. 651 |
Source Control and Ventilation | p. 657 |
Material Balance Models for Indoor Air Quality | p. 660 |
Practical Solutions to IAQ Problems | p. 667 |
Case Studies | p. 670 |
Problems | p. 672 |
References | p. 673 |
Appendixes | p. 675 |
Conversion Factors | p. 676 |
Properties of Air and Other Materials | p. 679 |
Some Properties of a Gaussian Distribution | p. 696 |
Computer Programs | p. 700 |
Practice Problems (with solutions) in Air Quality for the P.E. Examination in Environmental Engineering | p. 706 |
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems | p. 722 |
Index | p. 727 |
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