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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Author | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Definitions | |
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Polymeric Materials | |
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Basic Concepts | |
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Addition versus Condensation Polymers | |
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Molecular Structure | |
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Thermoplastic versus Thermoset Polymers | |
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Amorphous versus Semicrystalline Thermoplastics | |
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A-, B-, and C-Staged Thermosets | |
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The Glass Transition Temperature | |
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Fibrous Materials | |
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Glass Fibers | |
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Aramid Fibers | |
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Graphite and Carbon Fibers | |
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Polyethylene Fibers | |
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Commercially Available Forms | |
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Discontinuous Fibers | |
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Roving Spools | |
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Woven Fabrics | |
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Braided Fabrics | |
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Pre-Impregnated Products or "Prepreg" | |
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Manufacturing Processes | |
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Layup Techniques | |
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Autoclave Process Cycles | |
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Filament Winding | |
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Pultrusion | |
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Resin Transfer Molding | |
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Scope of This Book | |
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References | |
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Review of Force, Stress, and Strain Tensors | |
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The Force Vector | |
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Transformation of a Force Vector | |
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Normal Forces, Shear Forces, and Free-Body Diagrams | |
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Definition of Stress | |
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The Stress Tensor | |
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Transformation of the Strees Tensor | |
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Principal Stresses | |
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Plane Stress | |
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Definition of Strain | |
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The Strain Tensor | |
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Transformation of the Strain Tensor | |
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Principal Strains | |
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Strains within a Plane Perpendicular to a Principal Strain Direction | |
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Relating Strains to Displacement Fields | |
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Computer Programs 3Drotate and 2Drotate | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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Material Properties | |
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Material Properties of Anisotropic versus Isotropic Materials | |
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Material Properties That Relate Stress to Strain | |
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Uniaxial Tests | |
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Pure Shear Tests | |
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Specialization to Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Composites | |
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Material Properties Relating Temperature to Strain | |
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Specialization to Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Composites | |
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Material Properties Relating Moisture Content to Strain | |
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Specialization to Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Composites | |
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Material Properties Relating Stress or Strain to Failure | |
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Predicting Elastic Composite Properties Based on Constituents: The Rule of Mixtures | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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Elastic Response of Anisotropic Materials | |
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Strains Induced by Stress: Anisotropic Materials | |
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Strains Induced by Stress: Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Materials | |
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Strains Induced by a Change in Temperature or Moisture Content | |
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Strains Induced by Combined Effects of Stress, Temperature, and Moisture | |
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Homework Problems | |
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Unidirectional Composite Laminates Subject to Plane Stress | |
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Unidirectional Composites Referenced to the Principal Material Coordinate System | |
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Unidirectional Composites Referenced to an Arbitrary Coordinate System | |
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Calculating Transformed Properties Using Material Invariants | |
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Effective Elastic Properties of a Unidirectional Composite Laminate | |
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Failure of Unidirectional Composites Referenced to the Principal Material Coordinate System | |
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The Maximum Stress Failure Criterion | |
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The Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion | |
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The Tsai-Wu Failure Criterion | |
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Failure of Unidirectional Composites Referenced to an Arbitrary Coordinate System | |
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Uniaxial Stress | |
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Maximum Stress Criterion | |
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Tsai-Hill Criterion | |
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Tsai-Wu Criterion | |
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Comparison | |
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Pure Shear Stress States | |
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Maximum Stress Criterion | |
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Tsai-Hill Criterion | |
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Tsai-Wu Criterion | |
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Comparisons | |
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Computer Programs Unidir and Unifail | |
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Program Unidir | |
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Program Unifail | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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Thermomechanical Behavior of Multiangle Composite Laminates | |
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Definition of a "Thin Plate" and Allowable Plate Loadings | |
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Plate Deformations: The Kirchhoff Hypothesis | |
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Principal Curvatures | |
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Standard Methods of Describing Composite Laminates | |
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Calculating Ply Strains and Stresses | |
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Classical Lamination Theory | |
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Constant Environmental Conditions | |
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Including Changes in Environmental Conditions | |
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Simplifications due to Stacking Sequence | |
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Symmetric Laminates | |
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Cross-Ply Laminates | |
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Balanced Laminates | |
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Balanced Angle-Ply Laminates | |
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Quasi-Isotropic Laminates | |
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Summary of CLT Calculations | |
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A CLT Analysis When Loads Are Known | |
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A CLT Analysis When Midplane Strains and Curvatures Are Known | |
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Effective Properties of a Composite Laminate | |
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Effective Properties Relating Stress to Strain | |
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Extensional Properties | |
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Flexural Properties | |
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Effective Properties Relating Temperature or Moisture Content to Strain | |
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Transformation of the ABD Matrix | |
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Computer Program CLT | |
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Comparing Classical Lamination Theory and Finite-Element Analyses | |
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Free Edge Stresses | |
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The Origins of Free Edge Stresses | |
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Analytical and Numerical Studies of Free Edge Stresses | |
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Typical Numerical Results | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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Predicting Failure of a Multiangle Composite Laminate | |
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Preliminary Discussion | |
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Estimating Laminate Failure Strengths Using CLT | |
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Using CLT to Predict First-Ply Failure | |
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Predicting Last-Ply Failure | |
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First-Ply Failure Envelopes | |
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Computer Programs Lamfail and Progdam | |
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Program Lamfail | |
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Program Progdam | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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Composite Beams | |
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Preliminary Discussion | |
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Comparing Classical Lamination Theory to Isotropic Beam Theory | |
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Types of Composite Beams Considered | |
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Effective Axial Rigidity of Rectangular Composite Beams | |
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Effective Flexural Rigidities of Rectangular Composite Beams | |
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Effective Flexural Rigidity of Rectangular Composite Beams with Ply Interfaces Orthogonal to the Plane of Loading | |
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Effective Flexural Rigidity of Rectangular Composite Beams with Ply Interfaces Parallel to the Plane of Loading | |
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Effective Axial and Flexural Rigidities for Thin-Walled Composite Beams | |
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Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Axially Loaded Composite Beams | |
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Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Transversely Loaded Composite Beams | |
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Computer Program Beam | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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Stress Concentrations Near an Elliptical Hole | |
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Preliminary Discussion | |
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Summary of the Savin Solution for an Anisotropic Plate with Elliptical Hole | |
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Circular Holes in Unidirectional Laminates | |
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Elliptical Holes with an Aspect Ratio of Three in Unidirectional Laminates | |
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Circular Holes in Multiangle Laminates | |
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Computer Program Holes | |
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Homework Problems | |
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References | |
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The Governing Equations of Thin-Plate Theory | |
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Preliminary Discussion | |
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Equations of Equilibrium for Symmetric Laminates | |
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Equations of Equilibrium Expressed in Terms of Internal Stress and Moment Resultants, Transverse Loading, and Out-of-Plane Displacements | |
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Equations of Equilibrium Expressed in Terms of the [ABD] Matrix, Transverse Loading, and Midplane Displacement Fields | |
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Boundary Conditions | |
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Geometric (Kinematic) Boundary Conditions | |
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Static (Natural) Boundary Conditions | |
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Combinations of Geometric and Static Boundary Conditions | |
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Free Edge | |
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Simply Supported Edges | |
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Clamped Edges | |
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Representing Arbitrary Transverse Loads as a Fourier Series | |
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References | |
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Some Exact Solutions for Specially Orthotropic Laminates | |
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Equations of Equilibrium for a Specially Orthotropic Laminate | |
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In-Plane Displacement Fields in Specially Orthotropic Laminates | |
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Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S1 | |
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Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | |
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Specially Orthotropic Laminates with Two Simply Supported Edges of Type S1 and Two Edges of Type S2 | |
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The Navier Solution Applied to a Specially Orthotropic Laminate Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | |
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Buckling of Rectangular Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | |
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Thermal Buckling of Rectangular Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S1 | |
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Computer Program Sportho | |
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References | |
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Some Approximate Solutions for Symmetric Laminates | |
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Preliminary Discussion | |
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In-Plane Displacement Fields | |
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Potential Energy in a Thin Composite Plate | |
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Evaluation of Strain Energy Component UI | |
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Evaluation of Strain Energy Component UII | |
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Evaluation of Strain Energy Component UIII | |
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Evaluation of Work Done by Transverse Loads | |
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Symmetric Composite Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | |
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Deflections due to a Uniform Transverse Load | |
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Deflections due to a Sinusoidal Transverse Load | |
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Deflections due to a Transverse Load Distributed over an Interior Region | |
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Deflections due to a Transverse Point Load | |
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Buckling of Symmetric Composite Plates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | |
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Computer Program Symm | |
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References | |
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Experimental Methods Used to Measure In-Plane Elastic Properties | |
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References | |
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Tables of Beam Deflections and Slopes | |
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Reference | |
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Index | |