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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Fundamentals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Background | |
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| Organization of the Book | |
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| Background and Fundamentals | |
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| High Level Architecture and Runtime Infrastructure | |
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| Cloning and Replication | |
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| Cloning in Programming Languages | |
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| Data Replication in Distributed Systems | |
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| Agent Cloning in Multi-Agent Systems | |
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| Object Replication in Parallel Object-Oriented Environments | |
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| Fault Tolerance Using Replication | |
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| Simulation Cloning | |
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| Cloning in Rare Event Simulations | |
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| Multitrajectory Simulations | |
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| Cloning in Simulation Software Packages | |
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| Parallel Simulation Cloning | |
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| Cloning of HLA-Compliant Federates | |
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| Fault-Tolerant Distributed Simulation | |
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| Summary of Cloning and Replication Techniques | |
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| Fault Tolerance | |
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| Time Management Mechanisms for Federation Community | |
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| Middleware and Software Architectures | |
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| A Decoupled Federate Architecture | |
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| Problem Statement | |
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| Virtual Federate and Physical Federate | |
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| Inside the Decoupled Architecture | |
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| Federate Cloning Procedure | |
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| Benchmark Experiments and Results | |
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| Experiment Design | |
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| Latency Benchmark Results | |
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| Time Advancement Benchmark Results | |
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| Exploiting the Decoupled Federate Architecture | |
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| Web/Grid-Enabled Architecture | |
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| Load Balancing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Fault-Tolerant HLA-Based Distributed Simulations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Decoupled Federate Architecture | |
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| A Framework for Supporting Robust HLA-Based Simulations | |
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| Fault-Tolerant Model | |
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| Dealing with In-Transit Events | |
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| Fossil Collection | |
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| Optimizing the Failure Recovery Procedure | |
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| Experiments and Results | |
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| Configuration of Experiments | |
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| Correctness of Fault-Tolerant Model | |
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| Efficiency of Fault-Tolerant Model | |
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| Scalability of the Fault-Tolerant Model | |
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| User Transparency and Related Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Synchronization in Federation Community Networks | |
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| Introduction | |
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| HLA Federation Communities | |
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| Construction Approaches | |
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| Architectures of Federation Community Networks | |
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| Proposed Internal Architecture of the Gateway Federates | |
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| Grid-Enabled Federation Community | |
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| Time Management in Federation Communities | |
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| Problem Statement | |
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| Synchronization Algorithms for Federation Community Networks | |
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| Synchronization Algorithms | |
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| Proof | |
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| Compliance to HLA Rules | |
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| Deadlock Free | |
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| Correct TSO Event Transmissions | |
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| Experiments and Results | |
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| Experiments on Multiple-Layer Federation Community Networks | |
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| Experiments on Peer-to-Peer Federation Community Networks | |
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| Experiments on Grid-Enabled Federation Community Networks | |
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| Summary | |
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| Evaluation of Alternative Scenarios | |
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| Theory and Issues in Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Decision Points | |
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| Active and Passive Cloning of Federates | |
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| Entire versus Incremental Cloning | |
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| Shared Clones | |
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| Theory and Issues in Incremental Cloning | |
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| Scenario Tree | |
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| Summary | |
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| Alternative Solutions for Cloning in HLA-Based Distributed Simulation | |
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| Single-Federation Solution versus Multiple-Federations Solution | |
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| DDM versus Non-DDM in Single-Federation Solution | |
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| Middleware Approach | |
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| Benchmark Experiments and Results | |
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| Experiment Design | |
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| Benchmark Results and Analysis | |
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| Comparing Alternative Cloning Solutions Using TSO Federates | |
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| Comparing Alternative Cloning Solutions Using RO Federates | |
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| Comparing Alternative Cloning Solutions Using Time Advancement Benchmark Federates | |
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| Summary | |
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| Managing Scenarios | |
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| Problem Statement | |
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| Recursive Region Division Solution | |
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| Point Region Solution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Algorithms for Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Overview of Simulation Cloning Infrastructure | |
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| Active Simulation Cloning | |
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| Passive Simulation Cloning | |
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| Mapping Entities | |
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| Incremental Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Illustrating Incremental Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Managing Shared Clones | |
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| Summary | |
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| Experiments and Results of Simulation Cloning Algorithms | |
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| Application Example | |
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| Configuration of Experiments | |
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| Correctness of Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Efficiency of Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Scalability, of Distributed Simulation Cloning | |
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| Optimizing the Cloning Procedure | |
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| Summary of Experiments and Results | |
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| Achievements in Simulation Cloning | |
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| Applications | |
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| Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of a Huge Crowd over an HGA | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Crowd Modeling and Simulation | |
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| Hierarchical Grid Architecture for Large Hybrid Simulation | |
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| Grid System Architecture | |
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| HLA-Based Simulation Model | |
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| Hierarchical Grid Simulation Architecture: Overview | |
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| Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of Huge Crowd: A Case Study | |
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| Huge Crowd Scenario | |
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| Simulation Models | |
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| Pedestrian Agent Model | |
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| Computational Model of the Crowd Aggregated in the Assembly Area | |
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| Vehicle Agent Model | |
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| Crowd Simulation over the Hybrid Grid Simulation Infrastructure | |
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| Experiments and Results | |
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| Communication Latency | |
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| Crowd Simulation Outputs | |
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| Performance Evaluation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Massively Parallel Modeling & Simulation of a Large Crowd with GPGPU | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Background and Notation | |
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| Hybrid | |
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| Case Study of Confrontation Operation Simulation | |
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| Simulation of a Crowd in a Confrontation Operation | |
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| Dynamics Analysis via Entropy Calculation | |
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| Aided by GPGPU | |
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| Parallelization of Crowd Simulation | |
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| Evaluation of Performance and Energy Efficiency | |
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| GPGPU-Aided Confrontation Operation Simulation | |
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| Performance Evaluation and Energy Efficiency Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |