| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Classification and Individualization of Physical Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Important Considerations in Crime Scene Investigations | |
| |
| |
| Courtroom Testimony Tips | |
| |
| |
| Before Going to Court | |
| |
| |
| Giving Expert Testimony | |
| |
| |
| Cross-Examination | |
| |
| |
| Other Points | |
| |
| |
| Teamwork | |
| |
| |
| Professional Development | |
| |
| |
| First Officer at the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| The Case of the Lady in Cement | |
| |
| |
| The First Officer at the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Recording the Time | |
| |
| |
| When a Suspect Is Found at the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Entering the Scene Proper | |
| |
| |
| Protecting the Integrity of the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Injured Person on the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Dead Person on the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Summoning the Coroner/Medical Examiner | |
| |
| |
| Firearms and Ammunition on the Scene | |
| |
| |
| What to Do Until Investigating Personnel Arrive | |
| |
| |
| Continued Protection of the Scene | |
| |
| |
| The Crime Scene Investigator | |
| |
| |
| Actual Examination of the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Specialized Personnel at the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| Health and Safety Issues at Crime Scenes | |
| |
| |
| Processing the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| Plan of Action | |
| |
| |
| Note Taking | |
| |
| |
| Crime Scene Search | |
| |
| |
| Crime Scene Photography | |
| |
| |
| Sketching the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| Collection of Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Establishing Identity | |
| |
| |
| Fingerprints and Palm Prints | |
| |
| |
| Handwriting Examination | |
| |
| |
| Identification of Human Remains | |
| |
| |
| Trace Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Trace Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Collection and Preservation of Trace Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Examples of Trace Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Objects Left at the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| Blood, Forensic Biology, and DNA | |
| |
| |
| A Word of Caution! | |
| |
| |
| Contamination | |
| |
| |
| Bloodstain Pattern Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Presumptive Tests for Bloodï¿½Ç | |
| |
| |
| Searching for Bloodstains | |
| |
| |
| Description and Recording of Bloodstains | |
| |
| |
| Collection and Preservation of Bloodstains | |
| |
| |
| Removal of Bloodstains | |
| |
| |
| Bloodstained Objects | |
| |
| |
| Semen-Stained Objects | |
| |
| |
| Forensic DNA Typing | |
| |
| |
| PCR-Based Technology | |
| |
| |
| High Sensitivity DNA Testing/Touch DNA | |
| |
| |
| Mitochondrial DNA | |
| |
| |
| Y-STRs | |
| |
| |
| CODIS | |
| |
| |
| Forensic DNA and Unsolved Cases | |
| |
| |
| Partial Matches and Familial Searching | |
| |
| |
| Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods | |
| |
| |
| DNA Cases | |
| |
| |
| The Molecular Autopsy | |
| |
| |
| Missing Persons | |
| |
| |
| Biogeographical Ancestry | |
| |
| |
| The Future | |
| |
| |
| Impression Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Footprints | |
| |
| |
| Marks on Clothes and Parts of the Body | |
| |
| |
| Casting Material for Bite Mark Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Tool Marks | |
| |
| |
| Firearms Examination | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Firearms | |
| |
| |
| Ammunition | |
| |
| |
| Firearms Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Collecting Firearms Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Handling of Firearms | |
| |
| |
| Cartridge Cases | |
| |
| |
| Bullets | |
| |
| |
| Arson and Explosives | |
| |
| |
| Physical Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Explosives | |
| |
| |
| Homemade Explosives | |
| |
| |
| Bomb Scene Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Illicit Drugs and Toxicology | |
| |
| |
| Psychoactive Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Crime Scene Search | |
| |
| |
| Clandestine Drug Laboratories | |
| |
| |
| Collection and Preservation of Evidence | |
| |
| |
| The Field Investigation Drug Officer | |
| |
| |
| Toxicology | |
| |
| |
| U.S. DEA Drug Schedule Classification | |
| |
| |
| Investigating Sexual Assault | |
| |
| |
| Rape | |
| |
| |
| Other Assaults | |
| |
| |
| Public Lewdness/Forcible Touching | |
| |
| |
| Burglary Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Points of Entry | |
| |
| |
| Entry through Windows | |
| |
| |
| Entry through Doors | |
| |
| |
| Entry through Basement Windows and Skylights | |
| |
| |
| Entry through Roofs | |
| |
| |
| Entry through Walls | |
| |
| |
| Entry through Floors | |
| |
| |
| Simulated Burglaries | |
| |
| |
| Detailed Examination of the Scene | |
| |
| |
| Safe Burglaries | |
| |
| |
| Safe Burglaries Using Explosives | |
| |
| |
| Motor Vehicle Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Vehicle Theft | |
| |
| |
| Abandoned Vehicles | |
| |
| |
| Homicide in a Vehicle | |
| |
| |
| Hit-and-Run Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Marks from Vehicles | |
| |
| |
| Homicide Investigation | |
| |
| |
| Murder, Suicide, or Accident? | |
| |
| |
| Cause of Death | |
| |
| |
| Suicide | |
| |
| |
| Signs of Struggle | |
| |
| |
| Location of Weapon | |
| |
| |
| Examination of a Dead Body at the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| Murder | |
| |
| |
| Detailed Examination of the Scene of the Crime | |
| |
| |
| Outdoor Crime Scenes | |
| |
| |
| Discovering a Body Hidden at Another Location | |
| |
| |
| Investigation of a Greatly Altered Body or Skeleton | |
| |
| |
| The Scene of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| Packing and Transporting | |
| |
| |
| Examining Remains of Clothing and Other Objects | |
| |
| |
| Estimating the Time of Death | |
| |
| |
| Decomposition of the Body | |
| |
| |
| Action of Insects and Other Animals on a Dead Body | |
| |
| |
| Other Indications of Time of Death | |
| |
| |
| The Autopsy | |
| |
| |
| Injuries from External Mechanical Violence | |
| |
| |
| Injuries from Sharp External Violence | |
| |
| |
| Marks or Damage on Clothing | |
| |
| |
| Defense Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Firearm Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Bullet Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Close and Distant Shots | |
| |
| |
| Marks from Primers | |
| |
| |
| Traces from Bullets | |
| |
| |
| Traces from Cartridge Cases | |
| |
| |
| Traces from the Barrel of the Weapon | |
| |
| |
| Injuries from Small Shot | |
| |
| |
| Damage to Clothes from Shooting | |
| |
| |
| Modes of Death from Shooting | |
| |
| |
| Explosion Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Death by Suffocation | |
| |
| |
| Death from Electric Currents | |
| |
| |
| Violent Death in Fires | |
| |
| |
| Death by Freezing | |
| |
| |
| Death by Poisoning | |
| |
| |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | |
| |
| |
| Rape-Homicide and Sexual Assault-Related Murders | |
| |
| |
| Infanticide and Child Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Trunk Murder, Dismemberment of the Body | |
| |
| |
| Accidental Death | |
| |
| |
| Serial Murders | |
| |
| |
| Digital Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Computer Seizure | |
| |
| |
| Steps to Remember | |
| |
| |
| Collecting Video Evidence | |
| |
| |
| Determine If There Is a Video | |
| |
| |
| Stop the Recorder | |
| |
| |
| Confiscate the Recording Medium Immediately | |
| |
| |
| Document the Video System���s Physical Relationship to the Crime Scene | |
| |
| |
| Seek Technical Assistance If Problems Occur | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |