Dr. Robert D. Hoge is Emeritus Professor of Psychology & Distinguished Research Professor, Carleton University. Dr. D. A. Andrews is Professor Emeritus and Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Psychology and in the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario.Dr. Robert D. Hoge is Emeritus Professor of Psychology & Distinguished Research Professor, Carleton University. Dr. D. A. Andrews is Professor Emeritus and Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Psychology and in the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario.