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Contributor contact details | |
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Bone cements in medicine | |
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Bone disease | |
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Bone disease | |
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Osteoporosis | |
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Osteomalacia and rickets | |
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Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) | |
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Malignancy | |
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Hyperparathyroidism | |
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Osteomyelitis | |
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Prosthesis-related infection | |
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Current state of the use of bone cement in the United Kingdom | |
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Other potentially useful applications of cements in bone | |
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Summary | |
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Acknowledgement | |
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References | |
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Hip replacements | |
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Introduction | |
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General principles | |
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Bone cements | |
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Fixation of components with cement | |
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Long-term results | |
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Long-term problems | |
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Future trends | |
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References | |
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Knee replacements | |
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Relevant anatomy of the knee joint | |
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Conditions causing knee arthritis | |
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Clinical and radiological assessment of an arthritic knee | |
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Treatment options for osteoarthritis | |
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Indicators for total knee replacement | |
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Evolution of knee replacements | |
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Implant design rationales | |
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The cemented total knee replacement | |
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Future trends | |
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References | |
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Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty | |
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Introduction | |
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Vertebral compression fractures | |
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Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty | |
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Clinical outcomes | |
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Clinical experiences with injectable bone cements | |
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Future trends | |
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References | |
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Antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers in hip surgery | |
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Introduction | |
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Construction of hip spacers | |
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Diagnosis of infection | |
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Consistency and function of antibiotic-loaded hip spacers | |
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Mechanical stability and behaviour of hip spacers | |
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Pathogenic organisms | |
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Antibiotic choice | |
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Antibiotic elution | |
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Clinical experience | |
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Girdlestone or spacer? | |
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New techniques | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Commercial aspects and delivery systems of bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Commercial aspects: cemented versus cementless fixation | |
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Mixing and delivery systems of bone cements | |
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Regulatory aspects | |
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Future trends | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Wear particles and osteolysis | |
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Introduction | |
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Cellular cascade and mediators of osteolysis | |
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Morphology and bioreactivity of wear debris | |
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Osteolysis | |
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Cement debris | |
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Polyethylene wear debris | |
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Metallic wear debris | |
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Ceramic wear debris | |
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Future trends | |
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References | |
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Materials | |
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Acrylic bone cement: genesis and evolution | |
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Introduction | |
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Hip and knee joint | |
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Acrylic bone cement | |
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Regulatory perspectives | |
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Sterilization of bone cements | |
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Fluoride and other additives in bone cements | |
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Other applications of acrylic bone cement | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cement: chemical composition and chemistry | |
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Introduction | |
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Chemical composition | |
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Setting process | |
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Polymerisation reaction and kinetics | |
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Free radical studies on acrylic bone cements | |
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Curing parameters: standards | |
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Rheology of acrylic home cements | |
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Low molecular weight residuals after curing | |
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Future trends | |
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References | |
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Calcium phosphate bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical overview: calcium phosphate cements versus acrylic cements | |
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Chemistry of calcium phosphate cements | |
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Basic properties of calcium phosphate cements | |
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Applications of calcium phosphate cements: present and future perspectives | |
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References | |
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Properties of bone cement | |
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Mechanical properties of bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Nature and structure of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement | |
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Test standards | |
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Mechanical properties: short-term strength of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement | |
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Factors affecting the microstructure-mechanical properties relationship | |
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Modification of acrylic bone cements | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Fracture toughness and fatigue characteristics of bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Factors affecting fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of bone cement | |
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The effect of loading mode on fracture and fatigue | |
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The effect of porosity on fracture and fatigue | |
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The effect of inclusions on fracture and fatigue | |
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The effect of cement chemistry on fracture and fatigue | |
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Bone cement failure in joint replacements | |
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Failure at interfaces | |
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Residual stress and the initiation of damage | |
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Viscoelasticity, creep and creep-fatigue interaction | |
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Fracture and fatigue properties | |
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References | |
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Dynamic mechanical properties of bone cements | |
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A brief introduction to viscoelasticity in polymers | |
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Regions of viscoelasticity | |
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Theory of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) | |
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Material properties measured through dynamic mechanical analysis | |
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Applications of dynamic mechanical analysis in the characterisation of polymeric biomaterials | |
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Applications of dynamic mechanical analysis in the characterisation of bone cements | |
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Future trends | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Enhancing the properties of bone cements | |
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Antibiotic-loaded bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Demands on acrylic bone cement systems | |
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Antibiotic-loaded bone cements | |
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The effect of antibiotics on the mechanical properties of the bone cement | |
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Release of antibiotics from bone cements | |
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Other additives in bone cement | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Modifications of bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Modulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of bone cements and the consequences on the properties and behaviour of such formulations | |
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Control of the flexibility or stiffness of acrylic cement formulations | |
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Modification of formulations with bioactive and functionalised components with pharmacological activity | |
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Improvement and modulation of the radiopaque character | |
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New biohybrid composites for bone and cartilage regeneration | |
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Future directions in the design and development of cements with specific properties | |
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References | |
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Design of bioactive bone cement based on organic-inorganic hybrids | |
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The need for bioactive bone cements | |
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How do materials exhibit bioactivity? | |
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Design of bioactive bone cements using bioactive ceramics | |
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Bioactive organic-inorganic hybrids | |
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Design of bioactive bone cements based on organic-inorganic hybrids | |
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Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Clinical aspects of calcium phosphate bone cements | |
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Introduction | |
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Material characteristics | |
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Surgical technique | |
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Complications during surgery | |
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Clinical applications | |
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Future trends | |
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References | |
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Index | |