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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Role of Assets in Community-Based Development | |
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| Whither Community? | |
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| Growth Versus Development | |
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| People Versus Place | |
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| The Challenge of Regionalism | |
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| Asset Building | |
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| Public Participation | |
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| The Role of Community-Based Organizations | |
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| Models of Community Development | |
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| Self-Help | |
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| Technical Assistance | |
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| Conflict | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| A History of Community Development in America | |
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| The Evolution of Community Development | |
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| The Progressive Era | |
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| The New Deal | |
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| Urban Renewal and Area Redevelopment | |
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| The War on Poverty | |
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| Retrenchment during the Nixon and Reagan Administrations | |
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| The Clinton Years | |
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| The Bush Administration | |
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| Recurring Issues in Community Development | |
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| Participation | |
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| Race | |
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| Gender | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Community Development Process | |
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| Public Participation | |
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| Community Organizing | |
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| Community Visioning | |
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| The Roots of Visioning: Context and History | |
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| Comprehensive-Rational Planning | |
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| Advocacy Planning | |
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| Strategic Planning | |
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| Charrettes | |
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| Visioning | |
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| Timing and Momentum | |
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| Workshops | |
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| Goals and Strategy Development | |
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| Action Plan Development | |
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| Monitor, Evaluate, Revise | |
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| Community-Based Research | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Role of Community-Based Organizations | |
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| Community Development Corporations | |
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| Three Generations of CDCs | |
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| Debates Over CDCs | |
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| Local Development Corporations | |
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| Organizational Structure of LDCs | |
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| LDC Activities | |
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| Outcomes and Impacts of LDC Activities | |
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| Neighborhood Associations | |
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| Community Youth Organizations | |
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| Faith-Based Organizations | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Human Capital and Workforce Development | |
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| Workforce Development Issues | |
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| Key Concepts and Debates | |
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| CBOs and Workforce Development | |
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| Context for Workforce Development | |
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| Key Actors and Institutions | |
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| Data on Local Labor Markets | |
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| Developing Goals and Strategies | |
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| Preparing the Future Workforce | |
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| Sustaining the Workforce | |
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| Upgrading the Workforce | |
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| Expanding the Workforce | |
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| Promoting Entrepreneurship | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Social Capital: Building Trust, Norms and Networks | |
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| Social Capital Definition and Issues | |
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| Key Concepts and Debates | |
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| CBOs and Social Capital | |
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| Social Capital and Local Economic Development | |
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| Assessing Social Capital | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Physical Capital: The Role of Housing in Community Development | |
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| Housing Issues | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Key Concepts and Debates | |
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| The Debate over Affordable Housing | |
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| The Federal Government Role in Housing | |
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| The Role of CBOs in Housing Provision | |
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| Models of Community-Based Housing Provision | |
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| The Impact of CBOs | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Financial Capital: Community Credit Institutions | |
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| Financial Capital Issues | |
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| Key Concepts and Debates | |
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| Community Credit Institutions | |
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| Context for Community Credit Institutions | |
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| Key Actors and Institutions | |
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| Community Economic Development Finance | |
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| Assessing Local Credit Markets | |
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| Strategies for Building Local Credit Markets | |
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| Build CDFIs | |
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| Pressure Local Credit Institutions to Serve Community | |
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| Use Informal Credit Markets | |
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| Identify External Sources of Credit | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Environmental Capital: Controlling Land Development | |
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| Forms of Environmental Capital | |
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| Aesthetic Qualities/Scenic Resources | |
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| Agricultural Land Resources | |
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| Geographic Setting and Soils | |
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| Human Health/Environmental Hazards | |
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| Plant Communities | |
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| Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat | |
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| Surface Water Resources/Water Supply | |
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| Groundwater/Water Supply | |
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| Land Use and Environmental Capital | |
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| Smart Growth and New Urbanism | |
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| Brownfields | |
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| The Roles of Government and the Market | |
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| The Government | |
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| The Market | |
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| Community-Based Organizations | |
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| What Is a Community Land Trust? | |
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| What Do Land Trusts Do? | |
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| Why Do People Choose to Use Land Trusts? | |
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| Do Land Trusts Work? | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Political Capital: Organizing for Power | |
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| Key Concepts and Debates | |
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| Methods | |
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| Community-Based Organizations and Political Capital | |
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| Power Models | |
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| Information Models | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Cultural Capital | |
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| Cultural Capital Definition and Issues | |
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| Key Concepts and Debates | |
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| Culture and Place | |
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| Government and CBOs in Cultural Capital | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Community Sustainability | |
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| What Is Community Sustainability? | |
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| The History of Sustainability | |
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| Measuring Sustainability | |
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| Using Indicators | |
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| CBOs and Sustainability | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Role of Community-Based Organizations in International Development | |
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| Context for International Development | |
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| Urbanization | |
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| Poverty | |
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| The Environment | |
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| The Informal Sector | |
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| Decentralization | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Concepts, Theories, and Debates | |
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| The Aid Community: A Brief History | |
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| Organizations Involved in International Development | |
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| Nongovernment Organizations: Their Role at the Community Level | |
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| NGO-Aid Relations | |
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| NGO-Government Relations | |
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| Models of NGOs | |
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| What Do NGOs Do? | |
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| Impact of NGOs | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Future of Community Development | |
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| Limits to Community-Based Development | |
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| Local Versus External Initiation of Community Development | |
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| An Agenda for Promoting Community Development in America | |
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| Build on Successes | |
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| Create Spaces for Public Participation | |
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| Provide Training for CBOs | |
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| Form Regional CBO Consortiums/Networks | |
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| Use Meaningful Public Participation | |
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| Improve Diversity in Decision Making | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Use Meaningful Public Participation | |
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| Improve Diversity in Decision-Making | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| About the Authors | |