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| Notes on Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Ancient Israel | |
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| What Is the Hebrew Bible? | |
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| How "Historical" Is Ancient Israel? | |
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| Priests and Levites in the Hebrew Bible | |
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| How Unique Was Israelite Prophecy? | |
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| Judaism after the Exile: The Later Books of the Bible | |
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| Translation: The Biblical Legacy to Judaism | |
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| From Ancient Israel to Rabbinic Jewry | |
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| Jews in the Land During the Second Temple Period | |
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| Jews in Egypt: The Special Case of the Septuagint | |
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| Early Christianity in a Jewish Context | |
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| The Babylonian Consolidation of Rabbinic Judaism | |
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| The Medieval World: Jews in Two Cultures | |
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| Jews in Christian Europe: Ashkenaz in the Middle Ages | |
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| The Jews in the Medieval Arabic-Speaking World | |
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| Turning Point: The Spanish Expulsion | |
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| Medieval Jewish Mysticism | |
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| The Early Modern Period (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries) | |
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| Judaism and Science in the Age of Discovery | |
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| A History of Hasidism: Origins and Developments | |
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| Jews and Judaism in the Early Modern New World: Central and North America | |
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| The Jews of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| The Modern Period | |
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| How Jews Modernized: The Western Nations | |
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| The Zionist Movement and the Path to Statehood | |
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| The Jews in the Land of the Russian Tsars | |
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| The Great Migration: 1881-1924 | |
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| Polish Jewry between the World Wars | |
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| Organized Movements of American Judaism: From 1880 to World War II | |
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| Paths of Modernity: Jewish Women in Central Europe | |
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| Antisemitism and Anti-Jewish Hostility | |
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| Jews and Judaism since the Holocaust and the Birth of Israel | |
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| The Existential Crisis of the Holocaust | |
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| American Jews and the Jewish State | |
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| Judaism(s) in Contemporary America | |
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| Traditional Judaism in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Contemporary American Jewish Culture | |
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| Israeli Culture from 1948 to the Present | |
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| The Israeli Economy | |
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| Ethnic Diversity in Israel | |
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| Special Topics | |
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| The World of Jewish Music | |
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| American Jewry's Identification with Israel: Problems and Prospects | |
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| The Jewish Holy Days | |
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| Index | |