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| Introduction | |
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| Relative Ethics or Universal Ethics? | |
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| Relative Ethics | |
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| Universal Ethics | |
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| Cultural Relativism or Ethical Relativism? | |
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| Cultural Relativism and Universal Ethics | |
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| Ethics and Human Nature | |
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| Ethics and Human Rationality | |
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| Relative Ethics or Universal Ethics? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 1 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Virtue Ethics | |
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| What Are Virtues? | |
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| Aristotle, Happiness, and the Virtues | |
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| A Developmental Model | |
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| Universalism and Relativism Again | |
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| Virtue Ethics: a Guide to Good Behavior | |
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| Pros and Cons of Virtue Ethics | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 2 | |
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| Concepts, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 2 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Natural Law Ethics | |
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| What Is Natural Law and Where Does It Come From? | |
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| The Natural Law and Universal Ethics | |
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| Natural Law Ethics and Human Nature | |
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| Natural Law Ethics and Virtue Ethics | |
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| When Following the Natural Law Is Unclear: Use the Pauline Principle | |
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| When Following the Natural Law Is Unclear: Use the Principle of Double Effect | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 3 | |
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| Concepts, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 3 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Social Contract Ethics | |
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| Continuities and Discontinuities with Natural Law Ethics | |
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| The Principle of Self-Interest (Ethical Egoism) | |
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| The State of Nature | |
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| A Contract Involves Cooperation | |
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| A Contract Involves Rationality | |
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| Common-sense Morality (Properly Understood) | |
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| Social Contract Ethics Applied | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 4 | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 4 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Utilitarian Ethics | |
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| Ethics Is Based on Feelings | |
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| Is <$$$> Ought: Shorthand for Hume's Theory of Moral Sentiments | |
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| Feelings, Utility, and Consequences | |
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| Utility and Happiness | |
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| Utilitarianism: Relativist or Universalist? | |
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| Utility and Equality | |
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| Utilitarian Applications | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 5 | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 5 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Deontological Ethics | |
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| Duty-centered Ethics | |
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| Ethics of Freedom and Rationality | |
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| The Main Deontological Principle: The Categorical Imperative | |
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| One Form of the Categorical Imperative: The Principle of Autonomy | |
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| Another Form of the Categorical Imperative: The Principle of Universality | |
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| Duties Correlate with Rights (Usually) | |
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| Deontology: Relativist or Universalist? | |
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| Deontological Applications | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 6 | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 6 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Care Ethics | |
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| Ethics Is Based on Feelings | |
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| Humans Are Relational Beings | |
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| Ethics of Principles | |
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| Virtue Ethics and Partiality | |
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| Feminine Ethics | |
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| Care Ethics: Relativist or Universalist? | |
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| Care Ethics Applications | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 7 | |
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| Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 7 | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Conclusion: Using the Tools of Ethics | |
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| Living Ethical Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions | |
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| Ethical Issues, Both Private and Public | |
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| Useful Ethical Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions | |
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| Ethical Tools Are Not Mechanical Tools | |
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| How to Use Ethical Tools | |
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| Pitfalls and Practice | |
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| Wrap Up | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Ethical Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions | |
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| Ethical Principles | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Metaethics | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |