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| List of Contributors | |
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| Note | |
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| Context | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Justice | |
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| Expert Controversies | |
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| Thinking about Ethics | |
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| Developmental Perspectives | |
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| Offender Profiling Smoke and Mirrors? | |
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| Witnesses | |
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| Psychological Assessment | |
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| Critical Psychology | |
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| Drugs | |
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| Justice Restored | |
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| References | |
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| The Justice System in England and Wales | |
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| What Justice Means | |
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| The Criminal Justice System | |
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| What Is a Crime? | |
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| Measurement of Crime | |
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| The Criminal Justice Process | |
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| The Sentencing Framework | |
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| The Criminal Courts | |
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| Police and Policing | |
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| The Crown Prosecution Service | |
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| Prisons and the Prison Service | |
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| Probation | |
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| Youth Justice | |
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| Home Office | |
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| Ministry of Justice | |
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| Law Officers' | |
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| Department | |
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| Other National Bodies | |
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| Some Special Subjects | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Community Services for Children and Young People | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Youth Justice in the UK | |
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| Characteristics and Needs of Young People Who Offend | |
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| Framework for Practice | |
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| Interventions and Services | |
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| Critical debates | |
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| Resources and Multi-Agency Working | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Expert Testimony | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Who and What Is an Expert? | |
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| The Controversial Nature of Expert Evidence | |
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| Junk Science | |
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| The Problem of the Ultimate Issue | |
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| Battle of the Experts | |
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| Alternatives and Antidotes to Adversarial Expert Testimony | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychological Policy and Practice | |
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| Philosophical Roots | |
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| Ethical Guidance for Professionals | |
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| Power Relationships | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Evidence-based Practice | |
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| The Developmental Evidence Base Neurobiological Research and Forensic Applications | |
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| The Developmental Evidence Base Neurobiological Research | |
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| Genetics | |
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| Neuroimaging | |
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| Neurology | |
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| Neuropsychology | |
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| Psychophysiology | |
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| Endocrinology | |
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| Moral Development | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Forensic Applications of Developmental Neurobiological Research | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| The Developmental Evidence Base Prevention | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Family-based Prevention | |
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| School-based Prevention | |
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| Peer Programmes | |
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| Skills Training | |
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| Communities That Care | |
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| Recent UK Developments | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| The Developmental Evidence Base | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Individual Factors | |
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| Family Factors | |
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| Social Factors | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| The Developmental Evidence Base Desistance | |
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| Current State of Knowledge on Desistance | |
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| Unresolved Issues in Desistance Research | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Note | |
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| Offender Profiling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Current Approaches to Offender Profiling | |
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| Current Developments | |
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| Profiling Databases | |
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| The Evidence Base for Profiling | |
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| Practice Issues | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Eyewitness Testimony | |
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| Eyewitness Identification Performance Experimental Research and the Real World | |
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| The Witnessed Event | |
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| Between the Witnessed Event and Identification Task | |
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| Intermediate Recognition Tasks | |
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| The Identification Task | |
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| Identifications from CCTV | |
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| Procedural Guidelines Relating to Suspect Identification in the UK | |
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| The Eyewitness in Court | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Children as Witnesses | |
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| Definition of 'Memory Suggestibility' and 'False Memory' | |
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| Factors that Affect the Suggestibility of Children's Memory | |
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| Children's True and False Autobiographical Memory | |
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| Guidelines for Effective Child Witness Interviewing | |
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| Child Witnesses in Court | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Witness Interviewing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Encoding, Storage and Retrieval | |
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| Forgetting | |
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| Reminiscence | |
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| Encoding Specificity | |
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| Suggestibility and False Memory | |
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| Witness Interviewing in the UK | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Victims of Crime Towards a Psychological Perspective | |
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| Brightening the Dark Figure Descriptive Victimology | |
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| Explaining Victimisation Between Probabilities and Blame | |
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| Recognising the Suffering Consequences of Victimisation | |
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| Coping with Criminal Victimisation Towards a Theoretical Integration | |
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| Perspectives for Intervention and Research | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Jury Decision Making | |
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| Introduction The Jury Idea | |
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| The Notion of an Impartial and Fair Jury A Critical Appraisal | |
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| Methods for Studying Juries/Jurors | |
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| Selecting Jurors | |
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| The Jury Foreperson | |
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| Jury Deliberation | |
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| Models of Jury Decision Making | |
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| Reforming the Jury to Remedy Some of Its Problems | |
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| Alternatives to Trial by Jury | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Conceptual Issues in Assessment | |
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| Psychological Assessment | |
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| Data Gathering | |
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| Data Analysis | |
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| Clinical Judgements and Biases | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Risk Assessment | |
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| Definitional Issues | |
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| Key Principles in Risk Assessment | |
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| Limitations of Risk Assessment | |
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| Communicating Risk Assessments Effectively | |
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| Decision Making about Risks | |
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| Managing Risk | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Aspects of Diagnosed Mental Illness and Offending | |
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| The Social Context of Rule Transgressions Normal and Abnormal Offenders | |
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| Overlaps and Tensions between Psychiatric and Psychological Knowledge | |
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| Psychological and Psychiatric Approaches to Mental Illness in Forensic Settings | |
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| The Problematic Relationship between Diagnosed Mental Illness and Risk | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Mentally Disordered Offenders Intellectual Disability | |
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| The Context of Practice in Forensic Learning Disabilities | |
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| Mental Health Legislation | |
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| Learning Disability and Crime | |
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| Applications of Psychology to Processes within the Justice System | |
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| Working with Offenders with ID | |
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| Interventions with Offenders with ID | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Mental Disordered Offenders Personality Disorder | |
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| Issues Surrounding the Concept of Personality Disorder | |
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| Assessment and Treatment of Personality Disorder | |
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| Assessment of Psychopathy | |
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| Measures of Interpersonal Style | |
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| Practical Considerations | |
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| Summary Assessment of Personality Disorder | |
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| Procedural Recommendations in Assessing Personality Disorder | |
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| Treatment of Personality DisorderSome Caveats | |
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| Treatment Issues | |
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| Personality Disorder and Offending | |
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| Conclusions and Implications for the Future | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Trauma of Being Violent | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Empirical Evidence | |
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| Clinical and Legal Implications | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Note | |
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| Substance Use Disorders | |
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| Consumption Behaviours, Problems, and Dependence | |
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| Drugs and Crime | |
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| Assessment of Substance Use Disorders | |
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| Management of Detoxification | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Further Complications | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Children Who Physically or Sexually Harm Others | |
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| Extent of Violent Offences by Children | |
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| Extent of Sexual Offences by Children | |
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| Characteristics of Antisocial and Violent Children | |
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| The Development of Antisocial Behaviour in Children | |
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| Need for Early Intervention | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Sexually Harmful Adults | |
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| Who and What Is a Sexually Harmful Adult? | |
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| Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Harmful Behaviours | |
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| Theories of Sexually Harmful Behaviour | |
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| Assessing the Risk of Sexually Harmful Adults | |
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| Interventions for Sexually Harmful Adults | |
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| Measuring Interventions | |
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| Past Meta-analyses of Interventions with Sexually Harmful Adults | |
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| Improving the Quality of Treatment Outcome | |
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| Cluster Randomisation | |
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| When the 'Sex Offender' | |
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| Is Not Sexually Harmful | |
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| The Politicisation of Sexual Harm | |
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| Sexual Harm and the Culture of Fear | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suicide and Self-Injury in Offenders | |
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| Suicide in the General Population | |
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| Background | |
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| Suicide in the Prison Population | |
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| Limitations of Prison Suicide Research | |
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| Suicide in Community Offenders | |
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| Suicide in Police Custody | |
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| Pre- and Post-Release Planning from Criminal Justice Agencies | |
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| Self-injury in Offenders | |
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| Risk Factors for Self-Injury in Offenders | |
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| Specific Subgroups of Offenders | |
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| Assessing Risk | |
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| Prevention | |
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| Diversion from the Criminal Justice System | |
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| Interventions and Management of Self-Injury | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Note | |
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| Restorative Justice as a Psychological Treatment Healing Victims, Reintegrating Offenders | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Varieties of Restorative Justice | |
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| Theories of Change for Victims and Offenders | |
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| Delivering RJ Conferencing | |
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| Research on Restorative Justice The Gold Standard | |
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| Effects of RJ Conferencing on Offenders | |
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| Effects of RJ Conferencing on Victims | |
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| Evidence on Other RJ Options | |
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| RJ and Forensic Psychology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Concluding Themes Psychological Perspectives and Futures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Contextual Themes | |
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| Psychological Perspectives | |
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| Futures | |
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| Index | |