| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Read This First! | |
| |
| |
| List of Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to Optimality Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| How OT Began | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Must Constraints Be Violable? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Nature of Constraints in OT | |
| |
| |
| |
| Candidate Sets: OT's Gen Component | |
| |
| |
| |
| Candidate Evaluation: OT's Eval Component | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constraint Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Differences between Languages | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Version of OT Discussed in This Book | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Construct an Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where to Begin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choosing a problem to work on | |
| |
| |
| |
| Formulating a descriptive generalization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Getting from the generalization to an analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Rank Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working through an Analysis in Phonology | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Limits of Ranking Arguments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Candidates in Ranking Arguments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Harmonic Bounding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constraints in Ranking Arguments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inputs in Ranking Arguments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working through an Analysis in Syntax | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finding and Fixing Problems in an Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to check an analysis for problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problem 1: An invalid ranking argument | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problem 2: A ranking paradox | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problem 3: Dealing with richness of the base | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constraint Ranking by Algorithm and Computer | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Logic of Constraint Ranking and Its Uses | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Write Up an Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Organize a Paper | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Present an OT Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Responsibilities of Good Scholarship | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Write Clearly | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Advice about Research Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing New Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| When Is It Necessary to Modify Con? | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Discover a New Constraint | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Define a New Constraint | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Markedness Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| How markedness constraints assign violations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constraints that are evaluated gradiently | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constraints derived by harmonic alignment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Faithfulness Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correspondence theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Faithfulness to features | |
| |
| |
| |
| Positional faithfulness | |
| |
| |
| |
| Faithfulness constraints in the early OT literature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Justifying Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| The three ways of justifying a constraint | |
| |
| |
| |
| Justifying constraints formally | |
| |
| |
| |
| Justifying constraints functionally | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Classified List of Common Phonological Markedness Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Language Typology and Universals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factorial Typology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Language Universals and How to Explain Them in OT | |
| |
| |
| |
| Investigating the Factorial Typology of a Constraint Set | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Factorial Typology to Test New Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factorial Typology When Con Isn't Fully Known | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Proceed from Typology to Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Current Research Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Does a Language Vary? | |
| |
| |
| |
| How is Language Acquired? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Does OT Need Derivations? | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Is Ungrammaticality Accounted For? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Is Faithfulness Enough? | |
| |
| |
| Afterword | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Constraint Index | |
| |
| |
| Language Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |