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| Preface | |
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| Copyright acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Development and phenology | |
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| Crop development: concepts and tools | |
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| Growth stages and phasic development | |
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| Events at the stem apex: the leek as a simple model species | |
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| Events at stem apices: branching and reproductive development in wheat | |
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| Events at stem apices: the consequences of separation of male and female organs in maize | |
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| Phenology determined by events at axillary meristems: determinate and indeterminate soybean varieties | |
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| Components of yield | |
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| Case histories: the influence of environment and management on crop development and phenology | |
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| Convergence and synchrony: the influence of sowing date on winter wheat in Northern Europe | |
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| Crop improvement and the anthesis-silking interval in maize | |
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| Adaptation of soybean to different latitudes: phasic analysis of the photoperiodic control of flowering | |
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| Development in storage: physiological age and tuber initiation in the potato | |
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| Complementary phenologies and plant habits in mixed cropping: temperate grass/clover swards | |
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| Interception of solar radiation by the canopy | |
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| The life history of a leaf | |
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| The components of plant leaf area expansion | |
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| Crop emergence | |
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| Leaf production | |
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| Leaf expansion | |
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| Branching | |
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| Senescence, removal and damage - leaf lifespan | |
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| The development of the crop canopy: leaf area index | |
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| Seasonal development of leaf area index | |
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| Leaf area index and crop management | |
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| Canopy architecture and the interception of solar radiation | |
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| Seasonal patterns of interception | |
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| Optimum and critical leaf area indices | |
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| Leaf photosynthesis and canopy properties | |
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| Canopy extinction coefficient | |
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| Photosynthesis and photorespiration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Photosynthetic efficiency | |
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| Photosynthetic processes | |
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| Photosynthesis as a cellular biochemical process | |
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| Photosynthesis as a leaf diffusive process | |
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| Photosynthesis as a crop canopy process | |
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| The C[subscript 4] photosynthesis mechanism | |
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| Water shortage and photosynthesis | |
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| Nitrogen effects on photosynthesis | |
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| Ozone effects on photosynthesis and crop productivity | |
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| The loss of CO[subscript 2]: respiration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The basis of crop respiration | |
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| Growth and maintenance respiration | |
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| The respiration of different plant substrates | |
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| Growth and maintenance respiration in the field | |
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| Respiration associated with crop processes | |
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| Environmental effects on respiration | |
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| Crop respiration in the future | |
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| The partitioning of dry matter to harvested organs | |
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| The processes and pathways of assimilate partitioning | |
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| Ontogeny and assimilate partitioning: a survey of source/sink relationships | |
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| Time courses of dry matter partitioning: harvest index | |
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| Limitation of yield by source or sink | |
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| Sink limitation of yield in cereals - physiology of ineffective grain setting | |
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| Assimilate partitioning and crop improvement: historic trends in harvest index of wheat and barley | |
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| Assimilate partitioning and crop improvement: historic trends in harvest index of maize | |
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| Assimilate partitioning to potato tubers | |
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| Assimilate partitioning in grassland: implications for management of grass yield | |
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| Assimilate partitioning in grassland: implications for the overwintering and early growth of white clover | |
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| Assimilate partitioning in diseased plants: temperate cereals affected by biotrophic fungal pathogens | |
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| Limiting factors and the achievement of high yield | |
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| Limitation by water supply | |
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| Acquisition of water | |
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| Water use efficiency | |
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| Crop yield where water supply is limiting | |
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| Limitation by nitrogen supply | |
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| Acquisition of nitrogen | |
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| Nitrogen use efficiency | |
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| Crop yield where N supply is limiting | |
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| Achieving high yield: resource capture and assimilate partitioning | |
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| Physiology of crop quality | |
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| Wheat: protein content | |
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| Soybean: oil and protein contents | |
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| Oilseed rape: glucosinolates and erucic acid | |
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| Potato: tuber size and processing quality | |
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| The quality of conserved forages: ontogeny and yield | |
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| The simulation modelling of crops | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Building a crop model | |
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| Crop models of wheat (AFRC2), soybean (CROPGRO) and maize | |
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| The AFRC2 wheat model | |
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| The CROPGRO soybean model | |
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| The maize model | |
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| Modelling variety differences and traits | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Crop physiology: the future | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Lowering inputs | |
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| Climate change | |
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| Quality | |
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| New crops | |
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| The potential for increasing crop photosynthesis and yield | |
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| The last words | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |