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| List of Tables and Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Decentralization: definitions, theories and debate | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Decentralization | |
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| Administrative Decentralization | |
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| Political Decentralization | |
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| Fiscal Decentralization | |
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| Economic or Market Decentralization | |
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| The Theoretical Debate on Decentralization | |
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| Can Decentralization Destabilize Economic Reform? | |
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| The General Structure of Decentralization in Mali and Ghana | |
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| Overview | |
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| Mali | |
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| The Country at a Glance | |
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| The Political Environment | |
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| Economic Development | |
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| Constitutional Reforms and the Structure of Decentralization | |
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| Structure of Local Representation | |
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| Powers and Responsibilities of the Various Levels of Government | |
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| The Powers of Community Councils | |
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| The Power of the Circle Councils | |
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| The Power of the Regional Assemblies | |
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| Of the Relationship Between the Central Government and subnational governments | |
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| On the Particular Status of Bamako | |
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| Ghana | |
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| The Country at a Glance | |
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| The Political Context | |
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| The Economic Context | |
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| The Current Macroeconomic Situation | |
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| The Background to the Current Decentralization Process | |
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| Constitutional Reforms and Decentralization | |
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| The Configuration of Local Government and Governance | |
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| On Local District Finances and the Creation of a Common Fund | |
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| Of the Influence of Central Government on Local Affairs | |
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| The General Structure of Decentralization in Burkina Faso and Benin | |
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| Burkina Faso | |
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| The Country at a Glance | |
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| Political Environment and Economic Context | |
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| Constitutional Reform and Decentralization in Burkina Faso | |
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| The Structure of Decentralization in Burkina Faso | |
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| Configuration of Local Leadership | |
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| At the provincial level | |
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| At the commune level | |
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| Of the relationship between the State and local communities | |
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| On the new responsibilities devolved to the local level | |
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| On cities with particular status | |
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| Benin | |
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| A Brief Historical Background | |
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| Current Economic Conditions | |
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| Constitutional Requirements and Decentralization in Benin | |
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| Decentralization, Deconcentration and Intergovernmental Relations | |
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| The Configuration of the Decentralized Sub-national Governments | |
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| On the Particular Status of the Three Largest Cities | |
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| The General Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Four African Countries | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Designing a Fiscal Decentralization Program | |
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| The Role and Impact of International Development Aid | |
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| The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Mali | |
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| Intergovernmental and International Transfers and Decentralization in Mali | |
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| The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Ghana | |
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| Grants-in-aid | |
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| Recurrent Expenditure Transfers (or Personnel Emoluments) | |
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| Ceded Revenue | |
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| District Assemblies' Common Fund | |
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| The Common Fund Sharing Formula (as Submitted to Parliament for year 2001-2002) | |
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| The Estimated Impact of the Common Fund in the Local Districts of Ghana | |
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| The Common Fund as a Political Instruments for Members of Parliament | |
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| On the Fiscal Decentralization Project (Ministry of Finance) in Ghana | |
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| The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Burkina Faso | |
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| Intergovernmental and International Transfers and Decentralization in Burkina Faso | |
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| The Structure of Fiscal Decentralization in Benin | |
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| Intergovernmental and International Transfers and Decentralization in Benin | |
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| Empirical Evidence on Fiscal Decentralization in Four African Countries | |
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| Understanding the Data | |
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| Quality Indicators of Fiscal Decentralization | |
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| The Quantitative Indicators | |
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| The Municipal Development Program Methodology | |
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| Sub-National Tax Recovery | |
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| Sub-National Tax Autonomy | |
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| Sources of Local Communities' Revenue | |
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| A Case Study of Benin | |
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| A Case Study of Burkina Faso | |
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| A Case Study of Mali | |
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| A Case Study of Ghana | |
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| Local Communities Expenditures | |
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| Structure of Local Communities Expenditures | |
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| The Macroeconomic Impacts of Fiscal Decentralization | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Statistical Evidence on Intergovernmental Coordination Failures | |
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| Analyzing the Data | |
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| Graphical Analysis | |
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| Regression Analysis | |
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| Conclusions and Recommendations | |
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| On the Fiscal Strength of Local Communities | |
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| Some Suggestions on Improving Intergovernmental Fiscal Coordination | |
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| On Local Government Borrowing Capabilities | |
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| The importance of Associating Local Governments to Central Government Decision-making Process | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |