| |
| |
| List of Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medical Gas Supply Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Physics of the Principles | |
| |
| |
| Behavior of Gases | |
| |
| |
| Gas Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Gas Flow | |
| |
| |
| Viscous Shearing, Vorticity and Ejectors | |
| |
| |
| Choked Flow or Compressible Flow | |
| |
| |
| Gas Laws | |
| |
| |
| Gas Diffusion | |
| |
| |
| Medical Gas Supply Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Compressors | |
| |
| |
| Concentrators | |
| |
| |
| Liquid Reservoir Systems | |
| |
| |
| Piping Systems | |
| |
| |
| Construction of Piping Systems | |
| |
| |
| Cylinders | |
| |
| |
| Safety Rules for Cylinder Use | |
| |
| |
| Duration of Gas Flow | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen Regulation Devices | |
| |
| |
| Reducing Valves | |
| |
| |
| Regulators | |
| |
| |
| Proportioners (Air-Oxygen Blenders) | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen Flowmeters | |
| |
| |
| Demand Pulse Flow Oxygen Delivery Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medical Gas Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Indications for Oxygen Therapy | |
| |
| |
| High- and Low-Flow Oxygen Delivery Systems | |
| |
| |
| High-Flow Oxygen Delivery Systems | |
| |
| |
| Low-Flow Oxygen Delivery Devices | |
| |
| |
| HiOx[superscript 80] Disposable High F[subscript 1]O[subscript 2] Oxygen Mask | |
| |
| |
| Vapotherm 2000i | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen Enclosures or Environmental Devices | |
| |
| |
| Mist Tents | |
| |
| |
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Mixed Gas Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Nitric Oxide (NO) Therapy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Humidity and Aerosol Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Physics of Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Humidity and Aerosols | |
| |
| |
| Measurement of Humidity | |
| |
| |
| Evaporation | |
| |
| |
| Humidity Deficit | |
| |
| |
| Physical Characteristics of Aerosols | |
| |
| |
| Physical Nature of Particles | |
| |
| |
| Factors Influencing Aerosol Deposition in the Airways | |
| |
| |
| Application of Choked Flow | |
| |
| |
| Humidity Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Factors Influencing Humidifier Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| Clinical Applications of Humidity Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Humidifiers | |
| |
| |
| Clinical Applications of Aerosol Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Indications for Aerosol Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Aerosol Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Nebulizer | |
| |
| |
| Metered Dose Inhalers | |
| |
| |
| MDI Holding Chambers | |
| |
| |
| Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs) | |
| |
| |
| Large-Volume Nebulizers | |
| |
| |
| Babbington Nebulizers | |
| |
| |
| Small-Particle Aerosol Generator | |
| |
| |
| Ultrasonic Nebulizers | |
| |
| |
| Small-Volume Ultrasonic Nebulizers for Medication Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Aerosol Administration Devices | |
| |
| |
| Pediatric Aerosol Tents | |
| |
| |
| Croupette | |
| |
| |
| Ohmeda Pediatric Aerosol Tent | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hyperinflation Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Physics of Hyperinflation Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Measurement of Inspired Volumes | |
| |
| |
| Gas Pressure Regulation | |
| |
| |
| Gas Flow Regulation | |
| |
| |
| Indications For Incentive Spirometry and Positive Airway Pressure Adjuncts to Bronchial Hygiene Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Incentive Spirometry Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Voldyne | |
| |
| |
| Triflo II | |
| |
| |
| Volurex | |
| |
| |
| Monaghan Spirocare | |
| |
| |
| Positive-Expiratory-Pressure and Flutter Valve Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Positive-Expiratory-Pressure Therapy Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Inspiratory Muscle Training Devices | |
| |
| |
| Indications for Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Bird IPPB ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Bennett IPPB ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Percussionaire Corporation IPV Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Percussionator | |
| |
| |
| Phasitron | |
| |
| |
| Percussionaire IPV-2 | |
| |
| |
| Percussionaire IPV-1C | |
| |
| |
| Percussors Used For Chest Physiotherapy | |
| |
| |
| VIBRAMATIC | |
| |
| |
| FLIMM FIGHTER | |
| |
| |
| MJ PERCUSSOR | |
| |
| |
| Adjunctive Equipment For Manual Chest Percussion | |
| |
| |
| DHD Healthcare Palm Cups | |
| |
| |
| Ballard Manual Percussor for Neonatal Use | |
| |
| |
| High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (HFCWO) Therapy | |
| |
| |
| The Emerson Coughassist MI-E Device | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emergency Resuscitation Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Physics of the Principles | |
| |
| |
| Forces Exerted By Artificial Airway Cuffs | |
| |
| |
| Cuff Pressure Manometers | |
| |
| |
| Resuscitator Valve Types | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of Poiseuille's Law | |
| |
| |
| Vacuum Regulation | |
| |
| |
| Upper Airway Obstruction | |
| |
| |
| Positional Maneuvers to Open the Airway | |
| |
| |
| Head Tilt | |
| |
| |
| Anterior Mandibular Displacement | |
| |
| |
| Artificial Airways | |
| |
| |
| Oropharyngeal Airway | |
| |
| |
| Nasopharyngeal Airway | |
| |
| |
| Laryngeal Mask Airway | |
| |
| |
| Combitube Airway | |
| |
| |
| Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation Devices | |
| |
| |
| Manual Resuscitators | |
| |
| |
| Flow-Inflating Manual Resuscitators | |
| |
| |
| Permanent, Self-Inflating Manual Resuscitators | |
| |
| |
| Disposable, Self-Inflating Manual Resuscitators | |
| |
| |
| Intubation Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Laryngoscopes and Blades | |
| |
| |
| Equipment Used to Assist In Intubation | |
| |
| |
| Endotracheal Tubes | |
| |
| |
| Specialized Endotracheal Tubes | |
| |
| |
| Tracheostomy Tubes | |
| |
| |
| Cuff Pressure Measurement | |
| |
| |
| Specialized Weaning Devices | |
| |
| |
| Secretion Evacuation Devices | |
| |
| |
| Suction Regulators | |
| |
| |
| Suction Catheters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physiological Measurement and Monitoring Devices | |
| |
| |
| Pulmonary Measurement Devices | |
| |
| |
| Volume Displacement Devices | |
| |
| |
| Body Plethysmographs | |
| |
| |
| Pneumotachometers | |
| |
| |
| Vane-Type Respirometers | |
| |
| |
| Peak Flowmeters | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen Analyzers | |
| |
| |
| Physical Oxygen Analyzer | |
| |
| |
| Electrical Oxygen Analyzer | |
| |
| |
| Electromechanical Oxygen Analyzer | |
| |
| |
| Blood Gas Electrodes | |
| |
| |
| The pH System | |
| |
| |
| The PCO[subscript 2] Measuring System | |
| |
| |
| The PO[subscript 2] Measuring System | |
| |
| |
| Blood Gas Sensor Blocks | |
| |
| |
| Calibration and Quality Control of Blood Gas Systems | |
| |
| |
| Transcutaneous Electrodes | |
| |
| |
| Transcutaneous PCO[subscript 2] Electrode | |
| |
| |
| Transcutaneous PO[subscript 2] Measurement | |
| |
| |
| Novametrix Medical Systems Model 840 PtcO[subscript 2]/PtcCO[subscript 2] Monitor | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen Saturation Measurement | |
| |
| |
| Hemoglobin | |
| |
| |
| Co-oximetry | |
| |
| |
| Pulse Oximetry | |
| |
| |
| End Tidal CO[subscript 2] Monitoring | |
| |
| |
| Capnography | |
| |
| |
| Waveform Morphology | |
| |
| |
| Sensor Position | |
| |
| |
| End Tidal CO2 Monitoring Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Nitric Oxide Measurement and Monitoring | |
| |
| |
| Electrochemical Analyzers for Nitric Oxide | |
| |
| |
| Chemiluminescence Nitric Oxide Analyzers | |
| |
| |
| Indirect Calorimetry | |
| |
| |
| Patient Interfaces | |
| |
| |
| Mouthpiece and Canopy Collection | |
| |
| |
| Apnea Monitors | |
| |
| |
| Home Sleep Monitors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Ventilator Theory and Classification | |
| |
| |
| Physics of Mechanical Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Gas Laws That Apply to Mechanical Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Measurement of Gas Flow and Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Valve Operation | |
| |
| |
| Proportional Solenoid Valves | |
| |
| |
| Demand Valves | |
| |
| |
| Ventilator Classification | |
| |
| |
| Chatburn's Classification System | |
| |
| |
| Ventilatory Work | |
| |
| |
| Input Power | |
| |
| |
| Drive Mechanism | |
| |
| |
| Control Circuit | |
| |
| |
| Fluidics | |
| |
| |
| Control Variables | |
| |
| |
| Phase Variables | |
| |
| |
| Output Waveforms | |
| |
| |
| Patient Circuit | |
| |
| |
| Alarm Systems | |
| |
| |
| Modes of Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adult Acute Care Ventilators: Ventilators Having Volume as a Control Variable | |
| |
| |
| The Control Variable | |
| |
| |
| Monaghan 225/SIMV Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adult Acute Care ventilators: Ventilators Having Flow and Pressure Control Variables | |
| |
| |
| The Control Variable | |
| |
| |
| Bear Medical Systems, Bear 1, 2, and 3 | |
| |
| |
| Bear Medical Systems, Bear 5 | |
| |
| |
| Bear Medical Systems, BEAR 1000 | |
| |
| |
| Bird Products Corporation, 8400ST i | |
| |
| |
| Bird Products Corporation, TBird AVS Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Drager, Evita 4 Intensive Care Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Hamilton Medical, Galileo | |
| |
| |
| Hamilton Medical, Veolar | |
| |
| |
| Infrasonics, Adult Star | |
| |
| |
| Newport Medical Instruments, Wave | |
| |
| |
| Puritan-Bennett Corporation, 7200ae | |
| |
| |
| Nellcor Puritan-Bennett, 840 Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Siemens-Elema Servo 900C | |
| |
| |
| Siemens-Elema Servo 300 | |
| |
| |
| Siemens Servo[superscript i] Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Viasys Vela Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pediatric and Neonatal Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| The Control Variable | |
| |
| |
| Bear Medical Systems, Bear Cub BP-2001 | |
| |
| |
| Viasys Critical Care Bear Cub 750[subscript vs] and Bear Cub 750[subscript psv] | |
| |
| |
| V.I.P. Bird and V.I.P. Bird Gold Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Drager Babylog 8000 | |
| |
| |
| Nellcor Puritan-Bennett, Infant Star 500 and 950 Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Newport Medical Instruments, Inc., Breeze (E150) Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Sechrist Industries, Model IV-100B and IV-200 | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Non-Invasive, Homecare, and Transport Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Definition of Non-invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Indications for Non-Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) | |
| |
| |
| Hazards of Non-Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Patient Interface | |
| |
| |
| Non-Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Respironics, Inc., BiPAP Vision Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Respironics, Inc., BiPAP S/T-D Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Homecare Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Bear Medical Systems, Inc., BEAR 33 | |
| |
| |
| Nellcor Puritan-Bennett LP20 Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Nellcor Puritan-Bennett LP6 PLUS and LP10 | |
| |
| |
| Respironics, Inc., PLV-100 and PLV-102 | |
| |
| |
| Noncontinuous Ventilatory Augmentation | |
| |
| |
| Puritan-Bennett GoodKnight 420S Nasal CPAP System | |
| |
| |
| Respironics, Inc., REMstar Plus CPAP SYSTEM | |
| |
| |
| Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Systems | |
| |
| |
| Puritan-Bennett KnightStar 330 Bi-Level Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Respironics, Inc., BiPAP Synchrony Ventilatory Support System | |
| |
| |
| Transport Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Ambu, Inc., TransCARE2 | |
| |
| |
| Expiratory Phase | |
| |
| |
| Inspiratory Phase | |
| |
| |
| Bio-Med Devices Crossvent 4 | |
| |
| |
| Bird Products Corporation, Avian | |
| |
| |
| Hamilton Medical, Inc., Max | |
| |
| |
| Impact Medical Corporation Uni-Vent Model 750 | |
| |
| |
| Life Support Products, Inc., AutoVent 2000/3000 | |
| |
| |
| Newport Medical Instruments, Inc., Newport E100M | |
| |
| |
| Omni-Tech Medical, Inc., Omni-Vent | |
| |
| |
| Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| High-Frequency Mechanical Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Types of High-Frequency Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| High-Frequency Positive-Pressure Ventilator (HFPPV) | |
| |
| |
| High-Frequency Jet Ventilator (HFJV) | |
| |
| |
| High-Frequency Flow Interrupter (HFFI) | |
| |
| |
| High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilator (HFOV) | |
| |
| |
| Gas Exchange in the Lungs During High-Frequency Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Convective Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Asymmetric Velocity Profiles | |
| |
| |
| Pendelluft | |
| |
| |
| Taylor Dispersion | |
| |
| |
| Cardiogenic Mixing | |
| |
| |
| Molecular Diffusion | |
| |
| |
| Clinical Application of High-Frequency Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| Reduced Mean Airway and Intrathoracic Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Stable, Motionless Operative Field | |
| |
| |
| Refractory Hypoxemia and Hypercarbia | |
| |
| |
| Representative High-Frequency Ventilators | |
| |
| |
| Percussionare VDR 4 | |
| |
| |
| Viasys Critical Care 3100A and 3100B High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilator | |
| |
| |
| Appendix | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Index | |