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| Introduction | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Thermodynamic Basics of Calorimetry | |
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| Energy | |
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| Enthalpy | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Energy Units | |
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| Heat Capacity | |
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| Kirchhoff's Relation | |
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| Entropy | |
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| Gibbs Free Energy | |
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| Equilibrium Analysis | |
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| Two-State Transition | |
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| Derivatives of the Equilibrium Constant | |
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| Aqueous Solutions | |
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| Specificity of Water as a Solvent | |
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| Acid-Base Equilibrium | |
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| Partial Quantities | |
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| Transfer of Solutes into the Aqueous Phase | |
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| Hydration Effects | |
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| Hydrophobic Force | |
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| Hydration of Polar and Nonpolar Groups | |
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| References | |
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| Calorimetry | |
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| Isothermal Reaction Microcalorimetry | |
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| The Heat of Mixing Reaction | |
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| Mixing of Reagents in Comparable Volumes | |
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| Isothermal Titration Microcalorimeter | |
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| ITC Experiments | |
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| Analysis of the ITC Data | |
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| Heat Capacity Calorimetry | |
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| Technical Problems | |
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| Differential Scanning Microcalorimeter | |
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| Determination of the Partial Heat Capacity of Solute Molecules | |
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| DSC Experiments | |
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| Determination of the Enthalpy of a Temperature-Induced Process | |
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| Determination of the van't Hoff Enthalpy | |
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| Multimolecular Two-State Transition | |
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| Analysis of the Complex Heat Capacity Profile | |
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| Correction for Components Refolding | |
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| Pressure Perturbation Calorimetry | |
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| Heat Effect of Changing Pressure | |
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| Pressure Perturbation Experiment | |
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| References | |
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| Macromolecules | |
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| Evolution of the Concept | |
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| Proteins | |
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Physical Structure | |
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| Restrictions on the Conformation of Polypeptide Chains | |
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| Regular Conformations of Polypeptide Chain Proteins | |
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| Hierarchy in Protein Structure | |
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| Tertiary Structure of Proteins | |
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| Quaternary Structure of Proteins | |
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| Nucleic Acids | |
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Physical Structure | |
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| References | |
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| The �-Helix and �-Helical Coiled-Coil | |
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| The �-Helix | |
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| Calorimetric Studies of �-Helix Unfolding-Refolding | |
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| Analysis of the Heat Capacity Function | |
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| �-Helical Coiled-Coils | |
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| Two-Stranded Coiled-Coils | |
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| Three-Stranded Coiled-Coils | |
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| �-Helical Coiled-Coil Proteins | |
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| Muscle Proteins | |
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| Myosin Rod | |
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| Paramyosin | |
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| Tropomyosin | |
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| Leucine Zipper | |
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| Discreteness of the Coiled-Coils | |
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| References | |
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| Polyproline-II Coiled-Coils | |
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| Collagens | |
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| Collagen Superhelix | |
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| Hydrogen Bonds in Collagen | |
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| Stability of Collagens | |
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| Role of Pyrrolidine Rings in Collagen Stabilization | |
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| Calorimetric Studies of Collagens | |
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| Enthalpy and Entropy of Collagen Melting | |
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| Correlation between Thermodynamic and Structural Characteristics of Collagens | |
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| Role of Water in Maintaining the Collagen Structure | |
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| Thermodynamics of Collagens | |
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| Cooperativity of Collagen Unfolding | |
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| Factors Responsible for Maintaining the Collagen Coiled-Coil | |
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| Flexibility of the Collagen Structure | |
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| Biological Aspect of the Collagen Stability Problem | |
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| References | |
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| Globular Proteins | |
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| Denaturation of Globular Proteins | |
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| Proteins at Extremal Conditions | |
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| The Main Problems of Protein Denaturation | |
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| Heat Denaturation of Proteins | |
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| DSC Studies of Protein Denaturation upon Heating | |
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| Reversibility of Heat Denaturation | |
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| Cooperativity of Denaturation | |
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| Heat Capacity of the Native and Denatured States | |
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| Functions Specifying Protein Stability | |
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| Cold Denaturation | |
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| Proteins at Low Temperatures | |
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| Experimental Observation of Cold Denaturation | |
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| pH-Induced Protein Denaturation | |
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| Isothermal pH Titration of Globular Proteins | |
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| Denaturant-Induced Protein Unfolding | |
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| Use of Denaturants for Estimating Protein Stability | |
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| Calorimetric Studies of Protein Unfolding by Denaturants | |
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| Urea and GuHCl Interactions with Protein | |
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| Unfolded State of Protein | |
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| Completeness of Protein Unfolding at Denaturation | |
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| Thermodynamic Functions Describing Protein States | |
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| References | |
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| Energetic Basis of Protein Structure | |
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| Hydration Effects | |
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| Proteins in an Aqueous Environment | |
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| Hydration of Protein Groups | |
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| Hydration of the Folded and Unfolded Protein | |
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| Protein in Vacuum | |
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| Heat Capacity of Globular Proteins | |
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| Enthalpy of Protein Unfolding in Vacuum | |
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| Entropy of Protein Unfolding in Vacuum | |
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| Back into the Water | |
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| Enthalpies of Protein Unfolding in Water | |
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| Hydrogen Bonds | |
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| Hydrophobic Effect | |
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| Balance of Forces Stabilizing and Destabilizing Protein Structure | |
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| References | |
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| Protein Folding | |
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| Macrostabilities and Microstabilities of Protein Structure | |
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| Macrostability of Proteins | |
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| Microstability of Proteins | |
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| Packing in Protein Interior | |
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| Protein Folding Technology | |
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| Intermediate States in Protein Folding | |
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| Molten Globule Concept | |
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| Formation of Protein Structure | |
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| Transient State in Protein Folding | |
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| Mechanism of Cooperation | |
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| Thermodynamic States of Proteins | |
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| References | |
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| Multidomain Proteins | |
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| Criterion of Cooperativity | |
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| Deviations from a Two-State Unfolding-Refolding | |
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| Papain | |
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| Pepsinogen | |
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| Proteins with Internal Homology | |
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| Evolution of Multidomain Proteins | |
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| Ovomucoid | |
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| Calcium-Binding Proteins | |
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| Plasminogen | |
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| Fibrinogen | |
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| Fibronectin | |
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| Discreteness in Protein Structure | |
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| References | |
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| Macromolecular Complexes | |
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| Entropy of Association Reactions | |
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| Thermodynamics of Molecular Association | |
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| Experimental Verification of the Translational Entropy | |
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| Calorimetry of Association Entropy | |
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| SSI Dimer Dissociation | |
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| Dissociation of the Coiled-Coil | |
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| Entropy Cost of Association | |
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| Thermodynamics of Molecular Recognition | |
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| Calorimetry of Protein Complex Formation | |
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| Target Peptide Recognition by Calmodulin | |
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| Thermodynamic Analysis of Macromolecular Complexes | |
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| References | |
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| Protein-DNA Interaction | |
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| Problems | |
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| Two Approaches | |
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| Protein Binding to the DNA Grooves | |
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| Binding to the Major Groove of DNA | |
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| Homeodomains | |
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| Binding of the GCN4 bZIP to DNA | |
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| Heterodimeric bZIP Interactions with the Asymmetric DNA Site | |
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| IRF Transcription Factors | |
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| Binding of NF-�B to the PRDII Site | |
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| Binding to the Minor Groove of DNA | |
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| AT-Hooks | |
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| HMG Boxes | |
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| Comparative Analysis of Protein-DNA Complexes | |
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| Sequence-Specific versus Non-Sequence-Specific HMGs | |
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| Salt-Dependent versus Salt-Independent Components of Binding | |
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| Minor versus Major Groove Binding | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Assembling Multicomponent Protein-DNA Complex | |
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| CC Approach versus PB Theory | |
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| References | |
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| Nucleic Acids | |
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| DNA | |
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| Problems | |
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| Factors Affecting DNA Melting | |
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| Polynucleotides | |
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| Melting of Polynucleotides | |
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| Calorimetry of Poly(A)-Poly(U) | |
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| Short DNA Duplexes | |
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| Calorimetry of Short DNA Duplexes | |
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| Specificity of the AT-rich DNA Duplexes | |
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| DNA Hydration Studied by Pressure Perturbation Calorimetry | |
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| The Cost of DNA Bending | |
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| RNA | |
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| Calorimetry of RNA | |
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| Calorimetric Studies of Transfer RNAs | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |