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| Principles of Centrifugal Process Pumps | |
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| Pump performance: Head and flow | |
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| Operation at zero flow | |
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| Impellers and rotors | |
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| The meaning of specific speed | |
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| Process pump types | |
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| Process pump mechanical response to flow changes | |
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| Recirculation and cavitation | |
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| The importance of suction specific speed | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Pump Selection and Industry Standards | |
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| Why insist on better pumps | |
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| ANSI and ISO versus API pumps | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Foundations and Base Plates | |
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| Securing pumps in place-with one exception | |
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| Why not to install pump sets in the as-shipped condition | |
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| Conventional versus pre-filled base plate installations | |
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| Epoxy prefilled base plates | |
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| How to proceed if there is no access to specialist firms | |
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| What we have learned: Checklist of foundation and base plate topics | |
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| References | |
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| Piping, Stationary Seals, and Gasketing | |
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| Pipe installation and support | |
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| Sliding supports and installation sequence deserve special attention | |
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| Monitoring pipe stress while bolting up | |
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| Flange leakage | |
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| What to do prior to gasket insertion | |
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| Spiral wound and kammprofile gaskets | |
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| Pipe, hydraulic tubing, or flexible connections? | |
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| Gusseting | |
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| Concentric versus eccentric reducers | |
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| Vibration problems in piping | |
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| What we have learned on piping and gasketing topics References | |
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| Rolling Element Bearings | |
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| Bearing selection overview and windage as a design problem | |
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| Radial versus axial (thrust) bearings | |
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| Oil levels, multiple bearings, and different bearing orientations | |
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| Upgrading and retrofit opportunities | |
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| Bearing cages | |
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| Bearing preload and clearance effects | |
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| Bearing dimensions and mounting tolerances | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Lubricant Application and Cooling Considerations | |
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| Lubricant level and oil application | |
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| Issues with oil rings | |
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| Pressure and temperature balance in bearing housings | |
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| Cooling not needed on pumps with rolling element bearings | |
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| Oil delivery by constant level lubricators | |
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| Black oil | |
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| Lube application as oil mist (oil fog) | |
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| Desiccant breathers and expansion chambers | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Lubricant Types and Key Properties | |
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| Lubricant viscosities | |
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| When and why high film strength synthetic lubricants are used | |
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| Lubricants for oil mist systems | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Bearing Housing Protection and Cost Justification | |
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| Noncontacting bearing protector seals | |
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| Contacting bearing protector seals | |
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| How venting and housing pressurization affect bearing protector seal performance | |
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| Cost justification overview | |
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| Advanced bearing housing (bearing protector) seal summary | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Mechanical Sealing Options for Long Life | |
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| Still using packing? | |
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| General overview of mechanical seals | |
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| All flush plans have advantages and disadvantages | |
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| Always obtain the full picture | |
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| Seal chamber pumping ring (circulating device) technologies | |
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| Lessons apply to many services | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Pump Operation | |
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| Starting centrifugal pumps | |
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| Surveillance of pump operation | |
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| Centrifugal pump shutdown | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| Impeller Modifications and Pump Maintenance | |
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| Maintenance essentials | |
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| Superior maintenance requires upgrading | |
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| Impeller upgrading with inducers | |
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| Distance from impeller tip to stationary internal casing components | |
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| Impeller trimming | |
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| Impeller wear rings | |
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| Vane tip overfiling and underfiling | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Lubrication Management | |
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| How bad is water contamination? | |
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| Avoid solids contamination | |
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| Avoid questionable storage and transfer practices | |
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| Periodic audits | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Pump Condition Monitoring: Pump Vibration, Rotor Balance, and Effect on Bearing Life | |
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| Vibration and its effect on bearing life | |
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| Monitoring methods differ | |
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| Vibration acceptance limits | |
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| Causes of excessive vibration | |
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| Rotor balancing | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Drivers, Couplings, and Alignment | |
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| Driver selection | |
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| Coupling selection and installation | |
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| Installation and removal | |
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| Alignment and quality criteria | |
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| Consequences of misalignment | |
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| Thermal rise and predefinition of growth | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Fits, Dimensions, and Related Misunderstandings | |
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| Low incremental cost of better pumps | |
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| Pump pedestals and bearing housings should not be water-cooled | |
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| Summary of bearing-related issues | |
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| Constant level lubricators | |
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| Bearing housing protector seals ("bearing isolators") | |
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| Motor lubrication summary | |
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| Mechanical seal issues | |
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| Hydraulic issues | |
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| Impeller hydraulics | |
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| Mechanical improvement or upgrade options | |
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| Process pump repair dimensions | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Failure Statistics and Structured Failure Analysis | |
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| Mean rime between failures (MTBF) and repair cost calculations | |
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| Performing your own projected MTBF calculations | |
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| Older pumps versus newer pumps | |
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| Reliability reviews start before purchase | |
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| Structured failure analysis strategies solve problems | |
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| The "FRETT" approach to eradicating repeat failures of pumps | |
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| What we have learned | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |