| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Concept and Definitions | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is EDI? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Study: The Acme Transport Company | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Study: Super Elektronik AB | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Study: CHAPS | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cost Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Soft" Benefits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition of Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mainframe/Minicomputer/Personal Computer/Workstation/Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| Serial/Parallel/Synchronous/Asynchronous | |
| |
| |
| |
| Batch/Online | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modem/Leased Line/Dial-up Line | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network/LAN/WAN/Node | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analog/Digital/Packet/PAD | |
| |
| |
| |
| Encryption/Keys/DES/RSA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Opportunities and Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benefits of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cost of Implementation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hardware and Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Training and Initial Costs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transmission Costs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Service Charges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cash Flow Costs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Integrating EDI Into Existing Systems and Procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Software Maintenance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Legal Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network and Data Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Opportunities | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Functions of an EDI System | |
| |
| |
| |
| The EDI Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Buffering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Format Conversion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Audit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accounting and Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overall Functional Requirements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reliability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Geographical Coverage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connectivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Application (Value-Added) Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Software Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Format Conversion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Message Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security and Access Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Housekeeping and Audit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Important Features | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hardware Platforms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Range of Standards Accommodated | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ease of Upgrading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ease of Use | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Categories of Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Open Systems Interconnection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interactive EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choice of Communications Network | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Switched Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Leased Lines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Packet Switched Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| ISDN | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hybrid Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Value-Added Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trends and Developments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Central and Remote Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hardware Independence | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Host Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| User Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Need for Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Requirements for a Standard | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scope of EDI Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| UN/Edifact | |
| |
| |
| |
| History | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDIFACT Directories | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDIFACT Developments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Related Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technical EDI Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Documents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical and Product Design Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electronic Design Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Proprietary Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adaptive EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implementing EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Starting Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Implementation Sequence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terms of Reference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Form Project Team | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Requirements Specification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Budget | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Functional Specification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interchange Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Select Network, Software, and Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Training | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gradual Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Review | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interchange Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Passing the Buck | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Categories of Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trade EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technical EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specialized Transactions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Application Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connectivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Speed | |
| |
| |
| |
| Security | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interactive | |
| |
| |
| |
| Retail and Wholesale Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Retailing in the 1990s | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bar-Coding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sequence of EDI in Retailing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards and Messages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wholesaling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benefits | |
| |
| |
| |
| General EDI Benefits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inventory Savings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Supplier-Customer Relationships | |
| |
| |
| |
| Market Pressure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transportation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transportation Industry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Systems and Computers in the Transportation Industry | |
| |
| |
| |
| International Trade | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Single European Market | |
| |
| |
| |
| Progressing Shipments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Freight Forwarders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Edi Projects in Transportation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benefits of EDI in Transportation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manufacturing | |
| |
| |
| |
| European Manufacturing in the 1990s | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factors for Success | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards in the Manufacturing Industry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bar-Coding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Just in Time and Related Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manufacturing Process Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Just in Time | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kanban | |
| |
| |
| |
| Flexible Manufacturing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Simultaneous Engineering | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Automobile Industry | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Electronics Industry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Edi in Manufacturing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paperwork | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications Costs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Errors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design and Product Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lead Times | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inventory Savings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Process Redesign | |
| |
| |
| |
| Customer Service | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electronic Funds Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Banking Industry in Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| Money Transmission and Clearing Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interbank Edi Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Swift | |
| |
| |
| |
| United Kingdom | |
| |
| |
| |
| France | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other European Countries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commercial Banking EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Retail Banking Edi | |
| |
| |
| |
| Credit Card Clearing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Home Banking | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Electronic Funds Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Requirements for EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Insurance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Securities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Travel and Ticketing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Others | |
| |
| |
| |
| Future Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Edi Services and Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Service | |
| |
| |
| |
| Major Edi Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| ATandT EasyLink | |
| |
| |
| |
| BT Tymnet | |
| |
| |
| |
| GEIS and INS | |
| |
| |
| |
| IBM Information Network | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Services and Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Support Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| The International Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cross-Border EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| International Comparisons | |
| |
| |
| |
| North America | |
| |
| |
| |
| Japan and East Asia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| International Systems and Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Opportunities and Problems Revisited | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benefits, Problems, and Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Competitive Opportunities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perceived Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Underlying Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Loss of Differentiation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Around People | |
| |
| |
| |
| Future-Proofing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connectivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Business Requirements Must Stay in Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Business Opportunities | |
| |
| |
| |
| A New View of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Future of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extending the User Base | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technological Developments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Computing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Data Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relationship Between EDI and Other Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Ways of Doing Business | |
| |
| |
| |
| Review and Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is EDI? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Legal Status | |
| |
| |
| |
| Functions of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hardware | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implementing EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications of EDI | |
| |
| |
| |
| Retail and Wholesale Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transportation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manufacturing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electronic Funds Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| EDI Services and Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
| The International Scene | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Checklist | |
| |
| |
| |
| Addresses of Principal Network Suppliers in Europe | |