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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Radar Fundamentals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Maximum Detection Range | |
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| Conceptual System Implementation | |
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| System Performance Equations | |
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| Probability of Target Detection | |
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| Data Processor Tracking Constraints | |
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| Range Ambiguity | |
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| Detection of Targets in Clutter by Doppler Processing | |
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| Delay Line Canceller | |
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| Doppler Filter Bank | |
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| Noncoherent Summing | |
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| Operational Environments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Thermal Noise | |
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| Clutter | |
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| Receiving Antenna Characteristics | |
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| Jamming Noise | |
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| False Target Jamming (Pulse Jamming) | |
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| Combined Environments | |
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| Quantitative Environmental Considerations | |
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| Ground Clutter | |
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| Weather Clutter | |
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| Noise Jamming | |
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| Target Characteristics and Detection Probability | |
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| Nonadaptive (Conventional) Receiving Antennas | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Linear Arrays | |
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| Array Factor | |
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| Beam Steering | |
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| Sidelobe Reduction Weighting | |
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| Effect of Weighting Errors | |
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| Planar Arrays | |
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| Reflector Antennas | |
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| Sidelobe Canceller (SLC) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sidelobe Cancellation Concept | |
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| Residue Power Minimization | |
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| Cancellation Degradation Effects | |
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| Propagation Delay Effect on Cancellation | |
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| Channel Mismatch Effect on Jammer Cancellation | |
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| Multiple-Sidelobe Canceller (MSLC) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| MSLC Concept | |
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| Minimum Required Number of Auxiliary Antennas | |
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| Two-Jammer Cancellation Performance as a Function of Number and Spacing of Auxiliary Antennas | |
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| Two Auxiliary Antennas | |
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| Four Auxiliary Antennas | |
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| Residue Minimization | |
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| Optimum Weights Derivation | |
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| Simplified Examples of Optimum Weight Vector Performance | |
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| Thermal-Noise Environment | |
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| Single Narrowband Jammer | |
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| Multiple Orthogonal Direction Vector Jammers | |
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| Nonzero Bandwidth Jammers | |
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| Optimum Weight Vector Performance | |
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| Performance Results | |
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| Optimum MSLC Weight Vector Estimation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Analog Implementation of the LMS Algorithm | |
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| Multiplication by Mixing and Filtering | |
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| Residue-Auxiliary Correlation | |
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| MSLC Weight Computation Using LMS Algorithm | |
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| MSLC Weight Computation Using LMS Algorithm with Hard Limiter | |
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| Weight Computation for Single Auxiliary System Using Normalized LMS Algorithm (NLMS) | |
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| Digital Implementation of the LMS Algorithms | |
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| MSLC Digital LMS Algorithm | |
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| Digital LMS Single-Auxiliary Analysis | |
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| Single-Auxiliary Analysis of Digital LMS Algorithm with Hard Limiting | |
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| Single-Auxiliary Analysis of Digital NLMS Algorithm | |
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| Additional Residue Power due to Weight Noise for Single Auxiliary Systems | |
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| LMS Algorithm | |
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| LMS Algorithm with Limiter | |
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| NLMS Algorithm | |
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| Multiple Auxiliary Antenna Algorithm Analysis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| LMS Algorithm | |
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| MSLC LMS Convergence Analysis | |
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| Eigenvector Review | |
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| Decoupled MSLC LMS Convergence Equations | |
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| LMS Algorithm Convergence Example | |
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| Additional LMS Algorithm Convergence Examples | |
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| Normalized LMS Algorithm | |
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| Preferred NLMS Algorithm Derivations | |
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| Gradient Descent Equation Solutions and NLMS | |
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| NLMS Algorithm Convergence Analysis | |
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| Multiple Antenna NLMS Convergence Analysis | |
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| Additional NLMS Algorithm Convergence Examples | |
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| LMS Algorithm Weight Noise | |
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| Thermal-Noise Environment | |
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| Jammer Environment | |
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| Detailed Analysis of LMS Weight Noise | |
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| LMS Algorithm Weight Noise Dependence on Eigenvalue Distribution | |
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| NLMS Algorithm Weight Noise | |
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| Thermal-Noise Environment | |
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| Jammers Environment | |
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| Comparison of NLMS and LMS Convergence Characteristics | |
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| Detailed Analysis of NLMS Weight Noise | |
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| Sidelobe Blanking | |
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| Fundamental Sidelobe Blanker Analysis | |
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| Output Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise (SINR) Maximization Criterion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| SINR Maximization Criterion Derivation | |
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| Lagrangian Multiplier Derivation | |
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| Covariance Matrix Decomposition Derivation | |
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| Square Root Matrix | |
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| SINR Maximization via Square Root Matrix | |
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| Performance Example | |
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| Similarity of the Residue Minimization and SINR Maximization Criteria | |
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| Performance Examples Analysis | |
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| Thermal-Noise Environment | |
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| Single Narrowband Jammer | |
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| Additional Environments | |
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| Adaptive Array Architectures | |
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| Element-Based Partial Adaptivity | |
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| Beam-Based Architecture | |
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| Algorithms | |
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| LMS Algorithm | |
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| Direct Matrix Estimation or Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) Algorithm | |
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| Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Covariance Matrix for Gaussian Statistics | |
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| Computational Procedures | |
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| LMS Formulation for Non-Gaussian Statistics | |
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| Implementation Issues | |
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| SMI Performance Analysis | |
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| Constant False-Alarm Rate (CFAR) Processors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| CFAR Concept | |
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| Cell-Averaging CFAR (CACFAR) | |
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| Performance Analysis of Cell-Averaging CFAR (CACFAR) Processor | |
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| CFAR Loss of the CACFAR Technique in Homogeneous Environments | |
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| Nonhomogeneous Environments | |
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| CACFAR Performance in Mismatched Environments | |
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| Mismatched Environment Analysis | |
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| Mismatched Environment Example | |
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| Ramp CFAR Techniques Environment | |
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| Performance Analysis of Geometric Mean Normalizer | |
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| Step Function Environment CFAR Tecniques | |
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| GOCFAR Performance Analysis for Homogeneous Environments | |
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| Mulitple-Target CFAR Techniques | |
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| Multiple-Target Effect on CACFAR | |
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| Censored CACFAR Performance Analysis in Homogeneous Environments | |
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| Performance Evaluation of the Order Statistic CFAR in Homogeneous Environments | |
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| Clutter-Map CFAR | |
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| Sea and Weather Clutter CFAR Techniques | |
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| Log-Normal Clutter CFAR | |
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| Composite Clutter Model | |
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| Multiple-Carrier-Frequency CFAR Techniques | |
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| Nonfluctuating Target Analysis | |
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| Swerling 2 Target Analysis | |
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| Hierarchal CFAR Techniques | |
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| Hierarchal CFAR Analysis | |
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| Implementation Effects on CFAR Techniques | |
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| Effect of Correlated Reference Cells | |
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| Analysis of Correlated Reference Cells | |
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| Additional CFAR Loss due to Magnitude Detection | |
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| CFAR Technique Summary | |
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| Target Detection in Clutter-plus-Noise Environments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Clutter Discriminants | |
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| Definition of Parameters for Ground and Sea Clutter | |
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| Sea Clutter | |
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| Ground Clutter | |
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| Weather Clutter | |
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| Doppler Filtering Techniques | |
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| MTI Delay Line Cancellers | |
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| Doppler Filter Banks | |
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| Optimum Doppler Filter Weights | |
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| Approximate Performance of Nonadaptive and Adaptive Doppler Weighting | |
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| Optimum Doppler Filter Weights--Equation Details | |
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| Relative Performance of Nonadaptive and Adaptive Doppler Filters | |
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| MTI Implementation Details and MTD | |
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| Combined CFAR-SMI Algorithm | |
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| Application of Modern Spectral Estimation Techniques to Doppler Processing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Maximum Entropy Spectral Estimation | |
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| Theoretical Mismatch Loss | |
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| Estimation Loss | |
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| MEM Estimation Equations | |
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| Operations Count Implementation Considerations | |
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| Index | |