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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Focusing on Females | |
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| Development of Sex, Gender, and Body Image | |
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| Emphasizing Female Anatomy | |
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| Emphasizing Female Physiology | |
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| The Female Life Cycle | |
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| The Social Nature of Girls and Women | |
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| Current Exercise Models | |
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| Female-Based Exercise Models | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| References | |
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| Adolescence | |
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| Understanding Female Adolescence | |
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| Defining Adolescence | |
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| Physiology of the Adolescent Girl | |
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| Energy Balance in Adolescence | |
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| Exercise and Disease | |
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| Social Aspects of Adolescent Girls and Physical Activity | |
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| Indications for Fitness Programs for Adolescent Girls | |
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| References | |
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| Goals and Priorities of Fitness Programs for Adolescent Girls | |
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| Describing Adolescent Girls | |
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| Physical Activity and Adolescent Girls' Health | |
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| Defining Goals and Priorities | |
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| Short-Term Goal: Increase Participation in Girl-Centered Fitness Programs | |
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| Medium-Term Goal: Help Girls Develop Active Lifestyles | |
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| Long-Term Goal: Promote Health and Prevent Disease | |
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| First Priority: Safety | |
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| Second Priority: Self-Efficacy | |
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| Third Priority: Community | |
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| Developing Curriculums Based on Girl-Centered Goals | |
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| References | |
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| Program Design for Adolescent Girls | |
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| Physical Activity Interventions | |
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| Core Characteristics of Programs Designed Specifically for Adolescent Girls | |
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| Intake Procedures | |
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| Sample Physical Activity Program for Adolescent Girls, Grades 7 to 10 | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| References | |
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| Pregnancy | |
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| Understanding Pregnancy | |
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| Development of the Prenatal Fitness Field | |
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| Pregnancy-Related Anatomy | |
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| Physiological Changes in Pregnancy | |
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| Characteristics of Pregnancy by Trimesters | |
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| Common Discomforts of Pregnancy and Noninvasive Comfort Measures | |
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| Modifying Exercise Protocols for Pregnancy | |
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| Review of the Prenatal Fitness Field | |
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| References | |
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| Interactions of Exercise and Pregnancy | |
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| Cardiovasculature and Hemodynamics | |
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| Thermoregulation | |
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| Metabolism | |
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| Respiration and Acid-Base Balance | |
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| Biomechanics | |
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| Psychophysiological Interactions | |
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| Fetal Responses | |
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| Pregnancy Outcomes | |
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| References | |
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| Goals and Priorities of Prenatal Fitness Programs | |
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| The Rationale and the Dilemma: Why Are We Training Pregnant Women? | |
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| Setting Goals and Priorities | |
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| First Goal: Promote Healthy Mothers Having Healthy Babies | |
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| Second Goal: Develop Skills for Labor and Birth | |
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| Third Goal: Facilitate a Quick Recovery | |
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| First Priority: Safety | |
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| Second Priority: Effectiveness | |
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| Third Priority: Community | |
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| Practical Application: Turning Research Findings Into Reliable Programs | |
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| References | |
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| Prenatal Program Design | |
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| Intake Procedures for Prenatal Exercise | |
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| Liability Concerns | |
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| Appropriate Exercise Components | |
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| Exercise Prescription | |
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| Formatting Group Fitness Instruction | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Program Design for Pregnant Adolescents | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| References | |
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| Postpartum Period | |
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| Understanding the Postpartum Period | |
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| Labor and Birth | |
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| Physical Changes for the Postpartum Woman | |
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| Postpartum Anatomy | |
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| Physiological Changes Postpartum | |
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| Health Concerns | |
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| Psychosocial Considerations | |
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| Providing Programs That Meet Postpartum Needs | |
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| References | |
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| Goals and Priorities of Postpartum Fitness Programs | |
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| Setting Goals for Mom | |
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| First Goal for Mom: Assist the Immediate Recovery | |
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| Second Goal for Mom: Restore Bony Alignment and Muscle Balance | |
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| Third Goal for Mom: Promote Physical and Mental Well-Being | |
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| Setting Goals for Baby | |
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| First Goal for Baby: Encourage Interaction With Mom | |
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| Second Goal for Baby: Encourage Interactions With Others | |
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| Third Goal for Baby: Provide Stimulus for Developmental Tasks | |
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| Priorities | |
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| First Priority: Safety | |
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| Second Priority: Effective Activity | |
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| Third Priority: Community | |
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| References | |
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| Postpartum Program Design | |
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| Intake Procedures for Postpartum Exercise | |
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| Six-Week Immediate Recovery Program | |
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| Exercise Components for the Extended Postpartum Period | |
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| Program Formats | |
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| Breastfeeding and Exercise | |
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| Return to a Regular Exercise Program | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Program Design for Adolescent Mothers | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| References | |
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| Menopause | |
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| Understanding Menopause | |
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| Defining Menopause | |
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| Physiological Changes Associated With Menopause | |
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| Signs, Symptoms, and Disorders | |
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| Psychosocial Considerations | |
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| Approaches to Midlife Changes | |
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| References | |
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| Goals and Priorities of Midlife Fitness Programs | |
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| Setting Goals for Women's Midlife Fitness | |
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| First Goal: Enhancing the Quality of Life | |
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| Second Goal: Promoting Health and Preventing Disease | |
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| Third Goal: Improving Balance, Posture, and Weight Control | |
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| Setting Priorities | |
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| First Priority: Safety | |
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| Second Priority: Effectiveness | |
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| Third Priority: Advanced Networking | |
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| References | |
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| Program Design for Midlife Women | |
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| Intake Procedures for Midlife Exercise | |
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| Exercise Components, Prescription, and Format for Women's Midlife Fitness Programs | |
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| Description of Exercise Components | |
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| Mood-Enhancing Interactive Strategies | |
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| Sample Midlife Group Fitness Program | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |