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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Selection on One Locus | |
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| Fitness | |
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| Fitness and Population Growth | |
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| Two Alleles with Viability Selection | |
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| Frequency-Independent Selection | |
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| Frequency-Dependent Selection | |
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| Continuous Time | |
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| Introducing Mutation | |
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| Mutational Load | |
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| The Evolution of Outcrossing | |
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| Multiple Alleles | |
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| Fertility Selection | |
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| Regression Interpretation | |
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| Additive Genetic Variance | |
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| Fitness Maximization, Optimization, and Potential Functions | |
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| Selection on Two Loci | |
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| No Selection | |
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| Gametic Disequilibrium | |
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| Introducing Selection | |
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| Evolution of Gametic Disequilibrium | |
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| Quasi-Gametic Equilibrium | |
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| Epistasis | |
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| Nomenclature of Epistasis | |
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| Additive Genetic Variance | |
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| Applications of Two-Locus Theory | |
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| Sexual Selection | |
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| Cultural Transmission | |
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| Meiotic Drive | |
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| Drift at Neutral Loci | |
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| Reproduction as Sampling | |
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| Drift as a Markov Process | |
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| Evolution as a Random Walk | |
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| Drift as Random Covariance | |
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| The Coalescent Process | |
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| Time to Coalescence | |
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| Drift and Neutral Variation | |
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| Gene Trees and Species Trees | |
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| Coalescence of Multiple Alleles | |
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| Distribution of Pairwise Allelic Differences | |
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| The Structured Coalescent | |
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| Finite Island Model with Symmetric Migration | |
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| Asymmetric Migration | |
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| Conservative Migration | |
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| Proportional Migration | |
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| Balancing Selection at a Linked Locus | |
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| The Coalescent versus Inbreeding Coefficients | |
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| Effective Population Size | |
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| Inbreeding Effective Population Size (N[superscript i subscript e]) | |
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| Fluctuating Population Size | |
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| Breeding Sex Ratio | |
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| Variation in Family Size | |
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| Subdivided Population | |
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| Variance Effective Population Size (N[superscript v subscript e]) | |
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| Separate Sexes | |
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| Ecology of Effective Population Size | |
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| Diffusion Theory: Combining Evolutionary Mechanisms | |
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| The Structure of Diffusion Theory | |
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| Assumptions of the Diffusion Approximation | |
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| The Kolmogorov Forward Equation | |
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| Geometry of Diffusion | |
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| The Equilibrium Distribution | |
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| Mutation and Drift | |
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| Selection and Drift | |
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| Heterozygote Advantage | |
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| Heterozygote Intermediate | |
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| Mutation, Selection, and Drift | |
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| Migration between Populations | |
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| Migration Maintaining Variation | |
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| Migration Opposing Selection | |
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| Probability of Fixation with Selection | |
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| The Kolmogorov Backward Equation | |
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| The Equilibrium Distribution | |
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| Probability of Fixation | |
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| Fixation of Deleterious Alleles | |
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| The Algebra of Evolution: Price's Theorem | |
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| Price's Theorem | |
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| Concepts Underlying Price's Theorem | |
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| A Note on Regressions and Covariances | |
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| Generalized Marginal Fitness | |
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| The Selection Differential | |
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| Directional and Stabilizing Selection | |
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| Relationship between Parents and Offspring | |
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| Breeder's Equation | |
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| Fisher's Fundamental Theorem | |
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| Generalized Drift | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Quantitative Genetics | |
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| A Preliminary Warning about Terminology | |
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| Multivariate Normality | |
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| Selection on One Trait: The Breeder's Equation | |
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| Multivariate Evolution | |
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| Path Analysis | |
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| Sexual Selection | |
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| Parent-Offspring Covariance versus Additive Genetic Variance | |
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| Measuring Selection: The Multivariate Selection Differential | |
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| Maintenance of Genetic Variation | |
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| Diallelic Loci Model | |
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| Continuum of Alleles Model | |
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| Developmental Evolution | |
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| Phenotype Landscapes | |
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| Tensor Analysis | |
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| Moments | |
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| Selection on a Single Phenotypic Trait | |
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| The Meaning of Q Vectors | |
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| The General Equation | |
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| Selection on Higher Moments | |
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| Multiple Characters | |
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| Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity | |
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| Evolution of the Reaction Norm Slope | |
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| Evolution of the Reaction Norm Curvature | |
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| Covariance between Traits | |
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| Uncurved Landscapes | |
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| Curved Landscapes | |
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| Parent-Offspring Covariance | |
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| Entangled Traits | |
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| Evolutionary Game Theory and Strategy Dynamics | |
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| An Early Example: Sex Ratio Evolution | |
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| Origins of Game Theory | |
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| A Two-Strategy Game | |
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| Mixed versus Pure Strategies | |
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| General Rules for Discrete Games | |
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| Nash Equilibrium | |
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| Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) | |
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| Game Geometry | |
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| Asymmetric Games | |
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| Cooperation and the Prisoner's Dilemma | |
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| Repeated Prisoner's Dilemma Game | |
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| Continuous Games and Adaptive Dynamics | |
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| Assumptions of Game Theory | |
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| Drift in Strategy Evolution | |
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| Multilevel Selection | |
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| Kin Selection | |
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| Two Levels with the Same Generation Time | |
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| A General Version of Hamilton's Inequality | |
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| Inclusive Fitness | |
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| Groups Persisting for a Few Individual Generations | |
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| Sex Ratio Evolution | |
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| Levels with Very Different Generation Times | |
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| Nonoverlapping Group Generations | |
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| Interactions between the Two Levels of Selection | |
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| Groups with Overlapping Generations | |
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| Properties Influencing the Efficacy of Multilevel Selection | |
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| Identifying the Units of Selection | |
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| Appendix A | |
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| Variances, Covariances, and Regressions | |
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| Path Analysis | |
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| Appendix B | |
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| Distributions and Moments | |
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| Binomial Distribution | |
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| Poisson Distribution | |
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| Normal Distribution | |
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| Moments | |
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| Moment Generating Functions | |
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| Appendix C | |
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| Calculus | |
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| Taylor Series | |
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| Differential Equations | |
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| Separable Equations | |
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| First Order Linear Equations | |
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| Appendix D | |
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| Vectors, Matrices, and Tensors | |
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| Tensors | |
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| Coordinate Systems | |
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| The Geometric Meaning of Inner Products | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |