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| About the Author | |
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| About the Illustrator | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Trend Analysis | |
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| Overview | |
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| Fatal Injuries Caused by Falls in Texas | |
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| Disproportionate Number of Fatalities among Hispanic Laborers | |
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| Disabling Injury Data on Falls | |
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| Disabling Injuries Caused by Falls in the U.S. | |
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| Industries with Highest Incidence of Disabling Falls | |
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| OSHA Study on Falls in the Construction Industry | |
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| Most Frequently Cited OSHA Standards Related to Fall Prevention in the Construction Industry | |
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| Preamble to OSHA's Fall Protection Standards for Construction | |
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| Preamble to OSHA's Scaffold Standards | |
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| NIOSH Alert on Falls from Suspension Scaffolds | |
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| NIOSH Study on Falls through Skylights and Roof Openings | |
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| Preamble to Proposed Steel Erection Standards | |
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| Emphasis Areas | |
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| Data Summary | |
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| Controls | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Overview of Applicable Regulatory Standards | |
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| OSHA's Construction Standards | |
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| Application | |
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| Fall Protection | |
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| Training Requirements of Subpart M | |
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| Comparing Standards | |
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| OSHA's General Industry Standards | |
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| Walking and Working Surfaces | |
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| Floors, Platforms, and Runways with Open Sides | |
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| Work over Dangerous Equipment | |
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| Steel Erection | |
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| Temporary Flooring--Skeleton Steel Construction | |
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| Flooring--Other Construction | |
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| Steel Erection--Bolting, Riveting, Fitting-Up and Plumbing-Up | |
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| Stairways and Ladders | |
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| Stair Openings on Construction Sites | |
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| Training Requirements for Stairways and Ladders | |
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| Retraining | |
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| Fixed Stairs | |
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| Winding Stairs | |
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| Doors/Gates That Open Directly onto a Stairway | |
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| Stair Width and Angle of Rise | |
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| Handrails | |
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| Other Floor Openings | |
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| Ladderways | |
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| Hatches and Chutes | |
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| Skylights | |
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| Pits and Trapdoors | |
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| Manholes | |
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| Temporary Openings | |
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| Floor Holes | |
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| Accessible Holes | |
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| Inaccessible Holes | |
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| Protection of Holes on Construction Sites | |
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| Holes for Passage of Materials | |
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| Guardrail Systems for Hoisting Areas | |
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| Wall Openings and Holes | |
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| Wall Opening Barriers | |
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| Wall Opening Grab Handles | |
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| Wall Opening Screens | |
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| Chute Wall Openings | |
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| Window Wall Openings | |
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| Outline of Applicable Regulations | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Principles of Fall Protection | |
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| Falls from Elevated Work Locations | |
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| Time vs. Distance | |
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| Elements of a Fall Hazard | |
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| Free-Fall Distance | |
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| Shock Absorption | |
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| Body Support | |
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| 100 Percent Fall Protection Program | |
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| Implementing an Effective Program | |
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| Hazard Analysis and Pre-Inspection | |
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| Hazard of Falling through Elevated Work Surface | |
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| Hierarchy of Fall Protection Solutions | |
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| Hierarchy of Work Platforms | |
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| Limitations of and Requirements for a Fall Protection Plan | |
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| Contents of a Fall Protection Plan | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Prevention of Falls and Falling Objects | |
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| Comparison of Guardrail Specifications | |
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| Guardrail Specifications--Construction Standards | |
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| Guardrail Specifications--General Industry Standards | |
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| Guardrail Strength--Construction Standards | |
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| Guardrail Strength--General Industry Standards | |
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| Guardrail Materials--Construction Standards | |
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| Wood Rails--Construction Standards | |
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| Guardrail Materials--General Industry Standards | |
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| Pipe Rails | |
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| Structural Steel Rails | |
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| Safety Rules for Guardrails | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards | |
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| Perimeter Safety Cables on Multistory Structures | |
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| Protection against Falling Objects | |
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| Toeboards--Construction Standards | |
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| Toeboards--General Industry Standards | |
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| Guardrails for Protection against Falling Objects--Construction Standards | |
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| Guardrails for Protection against Falling Objects--General Industry Standards | |
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| General Requirements for Storage | |
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| Working on Stored Materials in Storage Areas | |
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| Storage on Scaffolds | |
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| Overhand Bricklaying | |
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| Roofing Work--Storage | |
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| Canopies | |
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| Debris Nets | |
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| Interim Storage of Temporary Flooring Used in Steel Erection | |
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| Protection against Falling Objects--General Industry | |
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| Hazard of Objects Falling through Wall Hole | |
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| Remember | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Fall Protection | |
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| Accidents | |
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| Fall from Scaffold--Lanyard Broke | |
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| Catwalk to Descent System | |
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| Iron Workers | |
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| Fall Arrest Systems | |
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| Strength Limited by Means of Attachment | |
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| Manual vs. Automatic Equipment | |
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| Personal Lifelines (Backup) vs. Positioning Lines (Primary) | |
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| Safety Belts, Lifelines, and Lanyards | |
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| Lifelines | |
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| Engineering of Anchor Points | |
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| General Guidelines for Anchorages | |
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| Guidelines for Minimum Sizes and Conditions of Anchor Points | |
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| Temporary Horizontal Lifelines | |
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| Permanent Horizontal Lifelines | |
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| Vertical Lifelines | |
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| Static Lifelines | |
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| Retractable Lifelines and Lanyards | |
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| Limitations on Miller Retractable Lifelines | |
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| Testing and Safe Use of Retractable Lifelines | |
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| Unsafe Use of Retractable Lifelines | |
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| DBI/SALA Tips on Retracting Lifelines | |
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| Other Connecting Devices | |
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| Equipment Manufacturers | |
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| Compatibility of Components | |
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| Questions about Your Fall Protection Equipment | |
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| Miller Equipment | |
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| DBI/SALA Instructions | |
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| Pitfalls to Avoid When Using Fall Protection Equipment | |
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| Inspection | |
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| Pre-Use Inspection | |
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| Straps of Body Harness | |
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| Hardware on Harness | |
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| Lanyards | |
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| Additional Notes on Snaphooks | |
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| How to Put on a Body Harness | |
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| Cleaning and Storage | |
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| Fall Protection Requirements vs. Confined Space Retrieval | |
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| Rescue Considerations | |
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| Self-Rescue | |
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| Safety Nets | |
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| Specifications | |
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| Engineering and Education | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Scaffolds | |
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| Scaffolds--General Requirements | |
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| Preventing Falls Caused by Collapse/Upsetting of Scaffold | |
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| Bad Weather Rules | |
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| OSHA Inspection Procedures | |
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| Supported Scaffolds | |
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| Erection and Dismantling of Supported Scaffolds | |
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| Mixing and Matching Parts | |
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| Use of Supported Scaffolds | |
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| Hazards of Falling Objects | |
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| Mobile Ladder Stands and Rolling Scaffolds | |
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| Maximum Height | |
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| Steps | |
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| Planking | |
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| Guardrails and Toeboards | |
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| Access and Egress | |
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| Casters and Leveling | |
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| Safety Rules for Mobile Ladder Stands and Platforms | |
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| Suspended Scaffold Accidents | |
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| Fall from Suspended Scaffold | |
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| Scaffold Hoist Defect | |
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| Suspended Scaffolds | |
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| Anchoring Fall Arrest Systems | |
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| Hoist Ropes | |
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| Securing to Prevent Swaying | |
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| Access | |
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| Rated Load Capacity | |
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| Powered Platforms for Building Maintenance | |
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| Emergency Planning | |
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| Secondary Suspension System | |
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| Vertical Lifeline | |
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| Single Point Suspended Scaffolds | |
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| Emergency Power Backup Device | |
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| Power to Ground-Rigged Working Platforms | |
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| Suspension Ropes--Tags | |
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| Length and Fastening of Suspension Ropes | |
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| Other Requirements for Powered Platforms | |
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| Recognize Scaffold Fall Potential | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Ladders | |
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| Portable Ladder Accidents | |
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| Max the X-Ray Technician | |
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| Alan the Telecommunications Installer | |
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| Causes of Ladder Accidents | |
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| Ladders | |
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| Basic Types | |
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| Inspection | |
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| Requirements That Apply to All Ladders | |
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| Skid-Resistant Material for Ladder Rungs | |
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| Other Ladder Construction Requirements | |
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| Offset Fixed Ladders with Platforms or Landings | |
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| Basic Rules for Use of Ladders | |
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| Portable Ladders | |
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| Stepladders | |
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| Placement of Straight Ladders | |
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| Temporary Construction Ladders and Portable Straight Ladders | |
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| Safe Practices for Use of Portable Ladders | |
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| Knots | |
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| Unsafe Practices | |
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| Fixed Ladder Accident | |
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| Painting Contractor | |
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| Summary of Requirements for Fixed Ladders | |
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| Clearance behind Ladder | |
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| Step-Across Distance | |
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| Clearance on Climbing Side | |
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| Fall Protection Options | |
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| Ladder Cages | |
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| Ladder Safety Devices | |
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| Falls from Ladders at Home | |
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| What to Do If You Fall | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Elevating Personnel | |
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| Accidents | |
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| Maintenance Repairman | |
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| Mason Contractor | |
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| Manlifts and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms | |
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| Elevating and Rotating Equipment | |
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| Safety Rules for Aerial Lifts | |
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| Safety Rules for Stock Pickers | |
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| Scissor Lifts | |
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| Lift Cages/Working Platforms Elevated by Forklifts | |
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| Additional Recommendations for Personnel Platforms on Forklifts | |
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| Personnel Hoists on Construction Sites | |
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| Enclosure of Hoist Towers | |
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| Hoistway Doors/Gates | |
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| Overhead Protection | |
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| Marking of Capacity | |
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| Emergency Stop | |
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| Inspection and Testing | |
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| Cranes and Derricks | |
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| Personnel Platforms Elevated by Cranes | |
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| Load Lines | |
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| Brakes | |
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| Level | |
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| Total Load | |
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| No Live Booms | |
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| Instruments and Components | |
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| Design of Personnel Platforms | |
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| Platform Specifications | |
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| Access Gates | |
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| Overhead Protection | |
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| Capacity | |
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| Loading | |
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| Rigging | |
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| Trial Lift, Inspections, and Proof Testing of Personnel Platform Hoisted by Crane | |
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| Safe Practices--Personnel Platform Hoisted by Crane | |
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| Crane Travel | |
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| Pre-Lift Meeting | |
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| Relative Safety of Options | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Special Applications | |
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| Roof Accidents | |
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| Fall from Roof | |
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| Metal Roof Decking | |
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| Work on Roofs | |
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| Work on Low-Slope and Flat Roofs | |
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| Warning Line Systems | |
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| Safety Monitoring System | |
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| Leading Edges and Steep Roofs | |
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| Fall Protection Plan--Leading Edge Work | |
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| Controlled Access Zones | |
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| Overhand Bricklaying | |
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| Controlled Access Zones for Precast Concrete Members | |
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| Limited Access Zone for Masonry Walls | |
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| Steel Erection | |
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| Overview | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards for Structural Steel Assembly | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards for Decking | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards for Perimeter Safety Cables | |
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| Proposed Standards for Erection of Steel Joists | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards for Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards for Falling Object Protection | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards--Fall Protection | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards--Controlled Access Zones for Leading Edge Work | |
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| Proposed Steel Erection Standards--Covering Roof and Floor Openings | |
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| Electrical Transmission and Distribution | |
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| Removal of Covers | |
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| Why You May Need to Know about Special Trades | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Fall Protection Workshop | |
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| Exercise for Small Groups | |
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| Window Washing | |
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| Tops of Trucks, Tank Trucks, or Intermodal Containers | |
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| Installation of Flat Metal Roof Rolls--Leading Edge Work | |
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| Repair or Replacement Involving Removal of Raised Flooring | |
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| Work on Top of an Atrium | |
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| Group Discussion | |
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| Endnote | |
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| Summary of Key Points | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |