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List of Abbreviations | |
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Introduction | |
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Manufacture | |
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Physical Properties | |
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Chemical Properties | |
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Safety | |
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Uses | |
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References | |
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Sulfonation and Chlorosulfonation of Organic Compounds | |
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Introduction | |
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Mechanism of Sulfonation | |
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Sulfonation by Halosulfonic Acids | |
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References | |
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Reactions of Organic Sulfonyl Chlorides | |
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Reactions with Nucleophilic Reagents | |
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Sulfonylation | |
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References | |
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Sulfonation and Chlorosulfonation of Aromatic Compounds using Chlorosulfonic Acid | |
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Introduction | |
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Aromatic Hydrocarbons | |
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Monocyclic Systems | |
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Benzene and its Alkyl Derivatives | |
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Higher Alkylbenzenes | |
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Polyalkylbenzenes | |
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Polycyclic Aromatic Systems | |
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Compounds not Containing Fused Aromatic Nuclei | |
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Diarylalkanes | |
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Biphenyl | |
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Fluorene | |
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Compounds Containing Fused Aromatic Nuclei | |
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Naphthalene | |
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Alkylnaphthalenes | |
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Acenaphthene | |
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Anthracene | |
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Phenanthrene | |
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Aryl Halides | |
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Halobenzenes | |
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Halobiphenyls and Related Compounds | |
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Halonaphthalenes | |
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Haloacenaphthenes | |
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Haloanthracenes and Phenanthrenes | |
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Halofluorenes | |
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Aryl Nitro Compounds | |
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Phenols | |
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Naphthols | |
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Aryl Ethers | |
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Diphenyl Ether and Derivatives | |
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Diphenyl Sulfide | |
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Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds | |
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Acetophenone | |
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Benzophenone | |
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Chalcones | |
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Diarylideneketones | |
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Benzils and other Diketones | |
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Aromatic Carboxylic Acids and Amides | |
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Benzoic Acid and Derivatives | |
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Cinnamic Acid | |
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Phenoxyacetic Acid and Related Acids | |
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Phenyl and Diphenylacetic Acid | |
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Benzilic Acid | |
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Carboxylic Acid Amides | |
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Aromatic Amines and Related Compounds | |
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Anilines | |
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Tertiary Amines | |
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Acetanilides (N-Acetylarylamines) | |
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Anilides (N-Benzoylarylamines) | |
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Sulfonanilides | |
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Arylureas | |
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Phenylurea and Related Compounds | |
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Diarylureas | |
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Imides | |
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N-Arylmaleimides | |
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N-Arylsuccinimides | |
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N-Arylphthalimides and Related Compounds | |
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Reaction of Chlorosulfonic Acid with Miscellaneous Compounds | |
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Azobenzene and Related Compounds | |
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Azines | |
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Anils (Schiffs Bases) | |
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Nitriles (Cyanides) | |
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Isonitriles (Isocyanides) | |
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Isocyanates | |
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Ferrocene (Dicyclopentadienyliron) | |
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Silicon Compounds | |
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Ozonides (1,2,4-Trioxolans) | |
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Triphenylphosphine | |
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Maleic Anhydride | |
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Crown Ethers | |
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Organotin Compounds | |
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N-Methylhydroxylamine | |
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Alkyl Nitrates | |
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Diphenyl Carbonate | |
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Fluorocarbon Iodides | |
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Sulfonylamino Acids | |
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References | |
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The Reaction of Chlorosulfonic Acid with Aliphatic Compounds | |
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Hydrocarbons | |
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Alkanes | |
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Alkenes and Alkynes | |
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Alkyl Halides | |
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Aliphatic Alcohols | |
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Glycols | |
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Carbohydrates | |
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Aliphatic Carbonyl Compounds | |
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Aldehydes and Ketones with and without [alpha]-Hydrogen Atoms | |
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Camphor | |
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Di- and Polyketones | |
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Paraformaldehyde | |
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Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives | |
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Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids | |
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Carboxylic Esters | |
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Alkanoyl Chlorides | |
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Dicarboxylic Acids and Derivatives | |
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Amides | |
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[alpha]-Halogenation of Carboxylic Acids | |
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Aliphatic Acid Anhydrides | |
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Esterification of Aliphatic Acids | |
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Aliphatic Amines | |
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References | |
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Reactions of Chlorosulfonic Acid with Heterocyclic Compounds | |
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Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles | |
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Compounds Containing One Hetero Nitrogen Atom | |
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Pyrrole | |
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Indole | |
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Carbazole | |
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Pyridine | |
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Quinoline | |
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Isoquinoline | |
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Compounds Containing Two or More Hetero Nitro Atoms | |
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Imidazole | |
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Benzimidazole | |
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Pyrimidine | |
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Pyrazole | |
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Hydantoins and Barbiturates | |
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Tetrazoles | |
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Phthalocyanines (Tetrabenzotetraazaporphines) | |
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1,6-Diphenyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-s-triazine | |
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3,7-Dihydro-2,6-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-4,8-dione | |
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3-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolen-5-one | |
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Criss-cross Adducts from Isocyanates and Diaryl Azines | |
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Criss-cross Adducts from Diaryl Azines and Maleimides or Maleic Anhydride | |
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Heterocyclic Oxygen Compounds | |
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Furan | |
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Benzofuran | |
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Dibenzofuran | |
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Coumarins (2-Ketobenzopyrans) | |
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Chromones (4-Ketobenzopyrans) | |
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Xanthenes | |
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Sulfur Heterocycles | |
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Thiophene | |
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Benzo[b]thiophene | |
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Dibenzothiophene | |
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Dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide | |
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Heterocyclic Compounds with Two or More Different Heteroatoms | |
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Nitrogen and Oxygen Heterocycles | |
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Isoxazole and Derivatives | |
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Oxazoles | |
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Furazans | |
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4-Fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole | |
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Sydnones | |
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Nitrogen and Sulfur Heterocycles | |
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Thiazole and Derivatives | |
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N-Formylphenothiazine | |
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References | |
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Reaction of Chlorosulfonic Acid with Elements and Inorganic Compounds | |
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Elements | |
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Inorganic Compounds | |
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions | |
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Sodium Azide | |
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Nitric Acid | |
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Sulfanes | |
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Hydrofluoric Acid | |
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Hydrogen Peroxide | |
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References | |
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Commercial Uses of Chlorosulfonic Acid | |
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Medicinal Agents | |
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Agrochemicals | |
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Synthetic Sweeteners | |
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Detergents | |
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Dyes | |
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Polymers | |
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Blowing Agents | |
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References | |
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Miscellaneous Reactions of Chlorosulfonic Acid | |
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Halogenation | |
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Cyclization | |
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Alkylation | |
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Polymerization | |
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Condensation | |
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Rearrangement | |
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Other Reactions | |
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Oxidation | |
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Reactions with Acids and their Derivatives | |
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Carboxylic Acids | |
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Sulfonic Acids | |
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Decarbonylation of Esters | |
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Reaction of Chlorosulfonic Acid with Tetrahydrobinor S | |
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Reaction of Chlorosulfonic Acid with p-Coumaric Acid | |
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References | |
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Preparation, Manufacture and Properties of Chlorosulfonic Acid | |
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Preparation | |
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Manufacture | |
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Properties | |
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World Production | |
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Toxicity | |
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References | |
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Recent References to Chlorosulfonic Acid | |
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Subject Index | |