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Preface | |
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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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General | |
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This Book and its Rationale | |
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Aims and Approach | |
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References | |
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Human Population and Soil Degradation | |
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Malthus and his Followers | |
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Population Growth | |
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Food Production and Soil Science | |
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Trends in Crop Yields | |
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Soil Resources and Limitations | |
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Soil Fertility | |
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Tropical Land Use and Management | |
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Soil Degradation | |
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Sustainable Land Management | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Plantation Agriculture | |
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Introduction | |
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History | |
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Importance and Spreading of Plantation Agriculture | |
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Research in Plantation Crops | |
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Pros and Cons of Plantation Agriculture | |
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Trends in Crop Yields | |
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References | |
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Soil Fertility Decline--Theoretical Considerations | |
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Introduction | |
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Spatial and Temporal Boundaries | |
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Data Types | |
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Long-term Experiments | |
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Soil Sampling, Soil Analysis and Errors | |
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Spatial and Temporal Variation | |
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Soil Changes and Nutrient Removal | |
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Effects of Bulk Density | |
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Interpretation of the Results | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Annual Crops | |
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Selection Criteria and Soil Chemical Properties | |
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Measured Change in Soil Properties--Type I Data | |
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Measured Change in Soil Properties--Type II Data | |
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Rates of Change | |
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Semiquantitative Studies | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Perennial Crop Plantations | |
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Soil Changes | |
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Soil Erosion Under Perennial Crops | |
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Type I and II Data | |
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Rates of Change in Soil Chemical Properties | |
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Semiquantitative Studies | |
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Soil-process-oriented Studies | |
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Environmental Impact | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Forest Plantations | |
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History, Extent and Present Status | |
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Soil Erosion on Forest Plantations | |
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Type I and II Data | |
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Rates of Change in Soil Chemical Properties | |
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Semiquantitative and Soil-process-oriented Studies | |
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Environmental Impact | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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Differences Between Perennial Crops and Forest Plantations | |
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References | |
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Sugarcane Plantations | |
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Soil Erosion Under Sugarcane | |
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Type I and II Data | |
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Rates of Change in Soil Chemical Properties | |
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Semiquantitative Studies | |
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Soil-process-oriented Studies | |
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Environmental Impact | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Case 1--Sugarcane Plantation, Papua New Guinea | |
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Introduction | |
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Physical Environment | |
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Research Methods | |
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Type I and II Data | |
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Rates of Change | |
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Semiquantitative Data | |
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Changes in Leaf Nutrient Contents | |
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The Effects on Yield | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Case 2--Sisal Plantations, Tanzania | |
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Introduction | |
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Physical Environment | |
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Research Methods | |
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Type I and II Data | |
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Rates of Change | |
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Semiquantitative Data | |
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The Effects on Yield | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Synthesis | |
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Rates of Change in Soil Chemical Properties | |
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Changes in Different Land-use Systems | |
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Changes by Soil Order | |
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Discussion | |
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Effect on Crop Production | |
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Sustainable Land Management | |
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References | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Rates of Soil Fertility Decline | |
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Differences Between Land-use Systems | |
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Quantification of Soil Fertility Decline | |
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The Effects of Soil Fertility Decline | |
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Future Research | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |