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Preface | |
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Historical Background | |
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The early days of photography | |
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Photographs from an aerial platform | |
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Early military and mapping developments | |
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Definitions and requirements | |
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Vertical photography and basic photogrammetry | |
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Aerial oblique photography: definitions and applications | |
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Specifications | |
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Air camera instrumentation | |
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Mapping cameras: basic requirements | |
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Mapping camera systems and their control | |
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Cameras for oblique aerial photography | |
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Modern military reconnaissance cameras: concept and usage | |
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Photographic materials for aerial photography | |
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Physical requirements | |
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Sensitometric evaluation: speed and contrast | |
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Spectral characteristics | |
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Panchromatic air films | |
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Colour films: negative and reversal types | |
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Infrared film: monochrome and false colour | |
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Granularity and its measurement | |
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Exposure for aerial photography | |
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The nature of the aerial scene | |
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Tone reproduction and exposure latitude | |
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Atmospheric haze and its effects | |
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Theory of air camera exposure | |
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Air film processing | |
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The problem explained | |
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Rewind-spool process | |
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Continuous processing machines | |
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Processing chemistry: monochrome | |
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The Kodak Versamat 1811-L Roller Transport colour processor | |
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Photogrammetric requirements | |
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Geometric accuracy of the image | |
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The stereoscopic model | |
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Advances in photogrammetric instrumentation | |
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Properties of terrain and atmosphere | |
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Image quality | |
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Resolution: objective and subjective features | |
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The point spread function | |
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Modulation transfer functions | |
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MTF by edge gradient analysis | |
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Tone reproduction and the effects of haze | |
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Aircraft and installations | |
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Camera platforms and mission profiles | |
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Crew and installation design | |
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Vibration: camera mounts | |
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Navigation sights | |
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Survey requirements | |
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Navigation sights (telescopes) | |
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Calibration | |
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Mission planning | |
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Calculations and formulae | |
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Planning for line mapping, orthophoto, MSP and colour photography | |
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Block photography | |
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System-based mission planning | |
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Choice of aircraft and camera optics | |
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Map preparation and flight pack | |
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Altimetry and planning for mountainous terrain survey | |
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Photographic planning: quantitative and qualitative | |
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Mission logistics | |
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Operational procedures: first phase | |
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Navigation | |
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Pre-flight and in-flight procedures | |
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Navigation checks | |
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Operational procedures: second phase | |
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Printing techniques | |
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Enlarging, rectification and mosaicing | |
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System-based survey navigation | |
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Satellite navigation systems | |
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Differential GPS | |
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Oblique aerial photography | |
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Flight planning for oblique photography | |
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Hand-held cameras for oblique aerial photography | |
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Operations using light aircraft | |
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Airborne laser terrain mapping (ALTM) | |
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Current and future developments | |
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Digital imagery | |
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Digital orthophotos | |
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Z/I digital modular camera (DMC) | |
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Mass storage of digital data | |
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Photogrammetric scanners | |
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Scanning aperture and Nyquist theory | |
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The digital mapping camera: a future possibility | |
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Glossary | |
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Institutes and societies | |
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Companies and suppliers | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Specifications for air survey | |
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Basic formulae and relationships for mission planning | |
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Conversion factors | |
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Oblique scales | |
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General survey aircraft specifications and performance | |
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Index | |