| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
Acronyms | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Scope | |
| |
| |
| |
Who Will Benefit from This Guideline? | |
| |
| |
| |
What Is Fire Protection? | |
| |
| |
| |
Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Relation to Other CCPS Guidelines and Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
Management Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Management Commitment | |
| |
| |
| |
Integration with Other Management Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Balancing Protection | |
| |
| |
| |
Cost-Benefit | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire Protection Strategy | |
| |
| |
| |
Key Factors in a Fire Protection Strategy | |
| |
| |
| |
Acceptable Loss | |
| |
| |
| |
Cost of Fires | |
| |
| |
| |
Insurance Coverage | |
| |
| |
| |
Installed Systems versus Emergency Response | |
| |
| |
| |
Prescriptive versus Performance-Based Design | |
| |
| |
| |
Developing a Fire Protection Strategy | |
| |
| |
| |
Integration with Other Management Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Integration with the Lifecycle of a Facility | |
| |
| |
| |
Design | |
| |
| |
| |
Construction and Commissioning | |
| |
| |
| |
Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
Decommissioning | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview of Fire Prevention Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
Audit Program | |
| |
| |
| |
The Audit Process | |
| |
| |
| |
Qualifications and Staffing | |
| |
| |
| |
Frequency of Audits | |
| |
| |
| |
Application to Fire Protection | |
| |
| |
| |
Layout and Spacing | |
| |
| |
| |
Control of Ignition Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrical Area Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
Personal Ignition Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Hot Work | |
| |
| |
| |
Static Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Employee Training | |
| |
| |
| |
Housekeeping | |
| |
| |
| |
Housekeeping Program | |
| |
| |
| |
Process Area Housekeeping | |
| |
| |
| |
Dust Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Inappropriate Storage and Handling | |
| |
| |
| |
Housekeeping and Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Cleaning Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Incident Investigation | |
| |
| |
| |
Incident Investigation Process | |
| |
| |
| |
Application to Fire Prevention | |
| |
| |
| |
Inherently Safer Design | |
| |
| |
| |
Plant Maintenance | |
| |
| |
| |
Poor Maintenance | |
| |
| |
| |
Good Maintenance Program Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
Management of Change | |
| |
| |
| |
Personnel Changes | |
| |
| |
| |
Process Changes | |
| |
| |
| |
Maintenance Turnarounds | |
| |
| |
| |
Material Hazards | |
| |
| |
| |
Materials Hazard Evaluation Program | |
| |
| |
| |
Material Safety Data Sheets | |
| |
| |
| |
Alarm and Surveillance | |
| |
| |
| |
Security | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire Hazard Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Hazardous Chemicals and Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
Recognize What You Want to Understand | |
| |
| |
| |
Identification of Inventories | |
| |
| |
| |
Define Fire Scenarios | |
| |
| |
| |
Calculate Potential Fire Hazard | |
| |
| |
| |
Ignition and Combustion | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire Growth and Heat Release | |
| |
| |
| |
Solid Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Enclosure Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
Flash Fires | |
| |
| |
| |
Fireballs | |
| |
| |
| |
Liquid or pool Fires | |
| |
| |
| |
Release Rate | |
| |
| |
| |
Pool Size | |
| |
| |
| |
Flame Height | |
| |
| |
| |
Duration of Burning Pools | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
Convective Heat Transfer above the Plume | |
| |
| |
| |
Gas and Jet Fires | |
| |
| |
| |
Estimating Discharge rates | |
| |
| |
| |
Jet Flame Size | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiative Exposure | |
| |
| |
| |
Solid Fires | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire Impact to Personnel, Structures, and Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Impact to Personnel | |
| |
| |
| |
Impact to Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermal and Nonthermal Impact on Electrical and Electronic Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Impact on the Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Example-Warehouse Pool Fire (Indoor) 5.12 | |