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| Introduction to the Transaction Edition | |
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| Preface | |
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| Growth of Intelligence Through Inventions and Discoveries | |
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| Ethnical Periods | |
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| Progress of Mankind from the Bottom of the Scale | |
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| Illustrated by Inventions, Discoveries and Institutions | |
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| Two Plans of Government | |
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| One Gentile and Social, giving a Society (Societas); the other Political, giving a State (Civitas) | |
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| The former founded upon Persons and Gentilism; the Latter upon Territory and Property | |
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| The First, the Plan of Government of Ancient Society | |
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| The Second, that of Modern or Civilized Society | |
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| Uniformity of Human Experience | |
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| Proposed Ethnical Periods | |
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| Lower Status of Savagery | |
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| Middle Status of Savagery | |
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| Upper Status of Savagery | |
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| Lower Status of Barbarism | |
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| Middle Status of Barbarism | |
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| Upper Status of Barbarism | |
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| Status of Civilization | |
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| Arts of Subsistence | |
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| Supremacy of Mankind over the Earth | |
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| Control over Subsistence the Condition | |
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| Mankind alone gained that Control | |
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| Successive Arts of Subsistence | |
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| Natural Subsistence | |
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| Fish Subsistence | |
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| Farinaceous Subsistence | |
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| Meat and Milk Subsistence | |
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| Unlimited Subsistence through Field Agriculture | |
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| Long Intervals of Time between them | |
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| Ratio of Human Progress | |
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| Retrospect on the Lines of Human Progress | |
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| Principal Contributions of Modern Civilization | |
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| Of Ancient Civilization | |
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| Of Later Period of Barbarism | |
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| Of Middle Period | |
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| Of Older Period | |
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| Of Period of Savagery | |
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| Humble Condition of Primitive Man | |
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| Human Progress in a Geometrical Ratio | |
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| Relative Length of Ethnical Periods | |
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| Appearance of Semitic and Aryan Families | |
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| Growth of the Idea of Government | |
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| Organization of Society Upon the Basis of Sex | |
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| Australian Classes | |
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| Organized upon Sex | |
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| Archaic Character of the Organization | |
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| Australian Gentes | |
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| The Eight Classes | |
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| Rule of Marriage | |
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| Descent in the Female Line | |
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| Stupendous Conjugal System | |
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| Two Male and Two Female Classes in each Gens | |
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| Innovations upon the Classes | |
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| Gens still Rudimentary | |
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| The Iroquois Gens | |
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| The Gentile Organization | |
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| Its Wide Prevalence | |
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| Definition of a Gens | |
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| Descent in the Female Line the Archaic Rule | |
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| Rights, Privileges and Obligations of Members of a Gens | |
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| Right of Electing and Deposing its Sachem and Chiefs | |
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| Obligation not to marry in the Gens | |
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| Mutual Rights of Inheritance of the Property of deceased Members | |
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| Reciprocal Obligations of Help, Defense and Redress of Injuries | |
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| Right of Naming its Members | |
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| Right of Adopting Strangers into the Gens | |
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| Common Religious Rites, Query | |
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| A Common Burial Place | |
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| Council of the Gens | |
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| Gentes named after Animals | |
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| Number of Persons in a Gens | |
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| The Iroquois Phratry | |
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| Definition of a Phratry | |
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| Kindred Gentes Reunited in a Higher Organization | |
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| Phratry of the Iroquois Tribes | |
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| Its Composition | |
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| Its Uses and Functions | |
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| Social and Religious | |
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| Illustrations | |
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| The Analogue of the Grecian Phratry; but in its Archaic Form | |
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| Phratries of the Choctas | |
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| Of the Chickasas | |
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| Of the Mohegans | |
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| Of the Thlinkeets | |
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| Their Probable Universality in the Tribes of the American Aborigines | |
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| The Iroquois Tribe | |
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| The Tribe as an Organization | |
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| Composed of Gentes Speaking the same Dialect | |
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| Separation in Area led to Divergence of Speech, and Segmentation | |
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| The Tribe a Natural Growth | |
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| Illustrations | |
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| Attributes of a Tribe | |
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| A Territory and Name | |
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| An Exclusive Dialect | |
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| The Right to Invest and Depose its Sachems and Chiefs | |
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| A Religious Faith and Worship | |
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| A Council of Chiefs | |
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| A Head-Chief of Tribe in some Instances | |
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| Three successive Forms of Gentile Government | |
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| A Government of One Power | |
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| Of Two Powers | |
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| Of Three Powers | |
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| The Iroquois Confederacy | |
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| Confederacies Natural Growths | |
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| Founded upon Common Gentes, and a Common Language | |
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| The Iroquois Tribes | |
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| Their Settlement in New York | |
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| Formation of the Confederacy | |
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| Its Structure and Principles | |
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| Fifty Sachemships Created | |
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| Made Hereditary in certain Gentes | |
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| Number assigned to each Tribe | |
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| These Sachems formed the Council of the Confederacy | |
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| The Civil Council | |
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| Its Mode of Transacting Business | |
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| Unanimity Necessary to its Action | |
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| The Mourning Council | |
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| Mode of Raising up Sachems | |
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| General Military Commanders | |
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| This Office the Germ of that of a Chief Executive Magistrate | |
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| Intellectual Capacity of the Iroquois | |
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| Gentes in Other Tribes of the Ganowanian Family | |
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| Divisions of American Aborigines | |
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| Gentes in Indian Tribes; with their Rules of Descent and Inheritance | |
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| Hodenosaunian Tribes | |
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| Dakotian | |
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| Gulf | |
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| Pawnee | |
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| Algonkin | |
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| Athapasco-Apache | |
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| Tribes of North-west Coast | |
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| Eskimos, a Distinct Family | |
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| Salish, Sahaptin, and Kootenay Tribes | |
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| Shoshonee | |
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| Village Indians of New Mexico, Mexico and Central America | |
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| South American Indian Tribes | |
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| Probable Universality of the Organization in Gentes in the Ganowanian Family | |
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| The Aztec Confederacy | |
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| Misconception of Aztec Society | |
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| Condition of Advancement | |
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| Nahuatlac Tribes | |
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| Their Settlement in Mexico | |
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| Pueblo of Mexico founded, A.D. 1325 | |
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| Aztec Confederacy established, A.D. 1426 | |
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| Extent of Territorial Domination | |
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| Probable Number of the People | |
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| Whether or not the Aztecs were organized in Gentes and Phratries | |
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| The Council of Chiefs | |
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| Its probable Functions | |
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| Office held by Montezuma | |
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| Elective in Tenure | |
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| Deposition of Montezuma | |
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| Probable Functions of the Office | |
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| Aztec Institutions essentially Democratical | |
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| The Government a Military Democracy | |
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| The Grecian Gens | |
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| Early Condition of Grecian Tribes | |
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| Organized into Gentes | |
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| Changes in the Character of the Gens | |
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| Necessity for a Political System | |
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| Problem to be Solved | |
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| The Formation of a State | |
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| Grote's Description of the Grecian Gentes | |
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| Of their Phratries and Tribes | |
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| Rights, Privileges and Obligations of the Members of the Gens | |
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| Similar to those of the Iroquois Gens | |
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| The Office of Chief of the Gens | |
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| Whether Elective or Hereditary | |
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| The Gens the Basis of the Social System | |
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| Antiquity of the Gentile Lineage | |
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| Inheritance of Property | |
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| Archaic and Final Rule | |
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| Relationships between the Members of a Gens | |
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| The Gens the Center of Social and Religious Influence | |
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| The Grecian Phratry, Tribe and Nation | |
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| The Athenian Phratry | |
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| How Formed | |
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| Definition of Dikaearchus | |
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| Objects chiefly Religious | |
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| The Phratriarch | |
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| The Tribe | |
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| Composed of Three Phratries | |
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| The Phylo Basileus | |
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| The Nation | |
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| Composed of Four Tribes | |
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| Boule, or Council of Chiefs | |
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| Agora, or Assembly of the People | |
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| The Basileus | |
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| Tenure of the Office | |
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| Military and Priestly Functions | |
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| Civil Functions not shown | |
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| Governments of the Heroic Age, Military Democracies | |
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| Aristotle's Definition of a Basileus | |
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| Later Athenian Democracy | |
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| Inherited from the Gentes | |
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| Its Powerful Influence upon Athenian Development | |
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| The Institution of Grecian Political Society | |
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| Failure of the Gentes as a Basis of Government | |
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| Legislation of Theseus | |
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| Attempted Substitution of Classes | |
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| Its Failure | |
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| Abolition of the Office of Basileus | |
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| The Archonship | |
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| Naucraries and Trittyes | |
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| Legislation of Solon | |
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| The Property Classes | |
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| Partial Transfer of Civil Power from the Gentes to the Classes | |
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| Persons unattached to any Gens | |
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| Made Citizens | |
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| The Senate | |
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| The Ecclesia | |
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| Political Society partially attained | |
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| Legislation of Cleisthenes | |
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| Institution of Political Society | |
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| The Attic Deme or Township | |
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| Its Organization and Powers | |
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| Its Local Self-government | |
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| The Local Tribe or District | |
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| The Attic Commonwealth | |
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| Athenian Democracy | |
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| The Roman Gens | |
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| Italian Tribes Organized in Gentes | |
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| Founding of Rome | |
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| Tribes Organized into a Military Democracy | |
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| The Roman Gens | |
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| Definition of a Gentilis by Cicero | |
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| By Festus | |
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| By Varro | |
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| Descent in Male Line | |
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| Marrying out of the Gens | |
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| Rights, Privileges and Obligations of the Members of a Gens | |
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| Democratic Constitution of Ancient Latin Society | |
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| Number of Persons in a Gens | |
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| The Roman Curia, Tribe and Populus | |
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| Roman Gentile Society | |
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| Four Stages of Organization | |
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| The Gens | |
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| The Curia, consisting of TenGentes | |
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| The Tribe, composed of Ten Curiae | |
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| The Populus Romanus, composed of Three Tribes | |
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| Numerical Proportions | |
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| How Produced | |
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| Concentration of Gentes at Rome | |
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| The Roman Senate | |
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| Its Functions | |
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| The Assembly of the People | |
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| Its Powers | |
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| The People Sovereign | |
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| Office of Military Commander (Rex) | |
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| Its Powers and Functions | |
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| Roman Gentile Institutions essentially Democratical | |
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| The Institution of Roman Political Society | |
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| The Populus | |
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| The Plebeians | |
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| The Clients | |
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| The Patricians | |
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| Limits of the Order | |
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| Legislation of Servius Tullius | |
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| Institution of Property Classes | |
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| Of the Centuries | |
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| Unequal Suffrage | |
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| Comitia Centuriata | |
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| Supersedes Comitia Curiata | |
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| Classes supersede the Gentes | |
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| The Census | |
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| Plebeians made Citizens | |
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| Institution of City Wards | |
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| Of Country Townships | |
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| Tribes increased to Four | |
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| Made Local instead of Consanguine | |
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| Character of New Political System | |
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| Decline and Disappearance of Gentile Organization | |
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| The Work it Accomplished | |
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| Change of Descent from the Female to the Male Line | |
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| How the Change might have been made | |
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| Inheritance of Property the Motive | |
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| Descent in the Female Line among the Lycians | |
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| The Cretans | |
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| The Etruscans | |
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| Probably among the Athenians in the time of Cecrops | |
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| The Hundred Families of the Locrians | |
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| Evidence from Marriages | |
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| Turanian System of Consanguinity among Grecian Tribes | |
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| Legend of the Danaidae | |
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| Gentes in other Tribes of the Human Family | |
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| The Scottish Clan | |
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| The Irish Sept | |
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| Germanic Tribes | |
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| Traces of a prior Gentile System | |
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| Gentes in Southern Asiatic Tribes | |
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| In Northern | |
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| In Uralian Tribes | |
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| Hundred Families of Chinese | |
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| Hebrew Tribes | |
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| Composed of Gentes and Phratries Apparently | |
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| Gentes in African Tribes | |
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| In Australian Tribes | |
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| Subdivisions of Fejees and Rewas | |
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| Wide Distribution of Gentile Organization | |
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| Growth of the Idea of the Family | |
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| The Ancient Family | |
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| Five successive Forms of the Family | |
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| First, the Consanguine Family | |
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| It created the Malayan System of Consanguinity and Affinity | |
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| Second, the Punaluan | |
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| It created the Turanian and Ganowanian System | |
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| Third, the Monogramian | |
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| It created the Aryan, Semitic, and Uralian System | |
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| The Syndyasmian and Patriarchal Families Intermediate | |
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| Both failed to create a System of Consanguinity | |
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| These Systems Natural Growths | |
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| Two Ultimate Forms | |
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| One Classificatory, the other Descriptive | |
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| General Principles of these Systems | |
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| Their Persistent Maintenance | |
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| The Consanguine Family | |
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| Former Existence of this Family | |
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| Proved by Malayan System of Consanguinity | |
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| Hawaiian System used as Typical | |
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| Five Grades of Relations | |
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| Details of System | |
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| Explained in its origin by the Intermarriage of Brothers and Sisters in a Group | |
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| Early State of Society in the Sandwich Islands | |
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| Nine Grades of Relations of the Chinese | |
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| Identical in Principle with the Hawaiian | |
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| Five Grades of Relations in Ideal Republic of Plato | |
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| Table of Malayan System of Consanguinity and Affinity | |
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| The Punaluan Family | |
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| The Punaluan Family supervened upon the Consanguine | |
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| Transition, how Produced | |
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| Hawaiian Custom of Punalua | |
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| Its probable ancient Prevalence over wide Areas | |
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| The Gentes originated probably in Punaluan Groups | |
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| The Turanian System of Consanguinity | |
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| Created by the Punaluan Family | |
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| It proves the Existence of this Family when the System was formed | |
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| Details of System | |
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| Explanation of its Relationships in their Origin | |
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| Table of Turanian and Ganowanian Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity | |
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| The Syndyasmian and the Patriarchal Families | |
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| The Syndyasmian Family | |
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| How Constituted | |
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| Its Characteristics | |
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| Influence upon it of the Gentile Organization | |
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| Propensity to Pair a late Development | |
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| Ancient Society should be Studied where the highest Exemplifications are found | |
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| The Patriarchal Family | |
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| Paternal Power its Essential Characteristic | |
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| Polygamy subordinate | |
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| The Roman Family similar | |
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| Paternal Power unknown in previous Families | |
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| The Monogamian Family | |
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| This Family comparatively Modern | |
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| The Term Familia | |
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| Family of Ancient Germans | |
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| Of Homeric Greeks | |
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| Of Civilized Greeks | |
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| Seclusion of Wives | |
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| Obligations of Monogamy not respected by the Males | |
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| The Roman Family | |
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| Wives under Power | |
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| Aryan System of Consanguinity | |
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| It came in under Monogamy | |
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| Previous System probably Turanian | |
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| Transition from Turanian into Aryan | |
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| Roman and Arabic Systems of Consanguinity | |
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| Details of the Former | |
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| Present Monogamian Family | |
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| Table of Roman and Arabic Systems | |
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| Sequence of Institutions Connected with the Family | |
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| Sequence in part Hypothetical | |
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| Relation of these Institutions in the Order of their Origination | |
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| Evidence of their Origination in the Order named | |
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| Hypothesis of Degradation Considered | |
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| The Antiquity of Mankind | |
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| Growth of the Idea of Property | |
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| The Three Rules of Inheritance | |
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| Property in the Status of Savagery | |
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| Slow Rate of Progress | |
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| First Rule of Inheritance | |
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| Property Distributed among the Gentiles | |
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| Property in the Lower Status of Barbarism | |
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| Germ of Second Rule of Inheritance | |
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| Distributed among Agnatic Kindred | |
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| Improved Character of Man | |
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| Property in Middle Status | |
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| Rule of Inheritance imperfectly Known | |
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| Agnatic Inheritance Probable | |
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| The Three Rules of Inheritance--Continued | |
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| Property in the Upper Status of Barbarism | |
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| Slavery | |
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| Tenure of Lands in Grecian Tribes | |
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| Culture of the Period | |
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| Its Brilliancy | |
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| Third Rule of Inheritance | |
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| Exclusively in Children | |
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| Hebrew Tribes | |
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| Rule of Inheritance | |
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| Daughters of Zelophehad | |
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| Property remained in the Phratry, and probably in the Gens | |
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| The Reversion | |
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| Athenian Inheritance | |
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| Exclusively in Children | |
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| The Reversion | |
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| Inheritance remained in the Gens | |
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| Heiresses | |
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| Wills | |
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| Roman Inheritance | |
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| The Reversion | |
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| Property remained in the Gens | |
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| Appearance of Aristocracy | |
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| Property Career of the Human Race | |
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| Unity of Origin of Mankind | |