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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Challenge of the Deep: Wyville Thomson and the Challenger Expedition | |
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| Competing Theories | |
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| A Unique Proposal | |
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| A Demanding Program | |
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| I Was There: From Excitement to Boredom | |
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| Adventurous Voyage | |
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| Homecoming | |
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| Other Scientists: John Murray (1841-1914) | |
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| Foundation of a Science | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Half-Mile Down: William Beebe and the Bathysphere | |
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| Collector, Traveler, Writer | |
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| Ecology and Adventures | |
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| Desire for the Deep | |
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| Building a Bathysphere | |
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| First Dives | |
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| I Was There: An Explosion of Water | |
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| A Fantastic World | |
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| Separate Careers | |
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| Legacy of Inspiration | |
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| Connections: Mentoring a Pioneer | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Heights and Depths: Auguste and Jacques Piccard and the Bathyscaphe | |
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| Talented Twins | |
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| Reaching Great Heights | |
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| The First Bathyscaphe | |
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| The Trieste | |
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| Other Scientists: Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910-1997) | |
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| Joining the Navy | |
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| Preparing for the Deepest Dive | |
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| Underwater Everest | |
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| Searching for Lost Submarines | |
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| Beneath the Gulf Stream | |
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| Connections: A Loss Becomes a Challenge | |
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| Three Generations of Adventure | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| The Wound that Never Heals: Bruce Heezen, Marie Tharp, and Mapping the Ocean Floor | |
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| From Fossils to Undersea Mountains | |
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| War Opens a Career | |
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| Other Scientists: Maurice Ewing (1906-1974) | |
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| A New Kind of Map | |
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| "It Cannot Be" | |
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| An Earth-Encircling Wound | |
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| Other Scientists: Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) | |
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| Works of Art | |
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| More Than Mappers | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Creation and Destruction: Harry Hess and Plate Tectonics | |
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| Sounding out Mountains | |
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| A Crustal Conveyor Belt | |
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| Magnetic Flip-Flops | |
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| Shaking up Geology | |
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| Social Impact: The Moving Earth Shapes Human Life | |
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| The Plate Tectonics Revolution | |
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| Connections: Tectonics on Other Planets | |
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| An Influential Career | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Rivers of the Deep: Henry Stommel and Ocean Currents | |
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| A Noisy Childhood | |
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| Whirling Waters | |
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| Explaining Surface Currents | |
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| Opposing Flows | |
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| The Great Conveyor Belt | |
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| Global and Local Studies | |
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| Social Impact: Global Warming and Ocean Circulation | |
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| Wide-Ranging Investigations | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Flying Through the Sea: Allyn Vine and Alvin | |
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| Sound beneath the Sea | |
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| The Seapup | |
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| Building a Submersible | |
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| Solving Problems: A Lightweight Foam | |
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| Launching Alvin | |
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| Hunt for a Bomb | |
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| Sunken Sub | |
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| Project FAMOUS | |
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| Workhorse of Oceanography | |
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| Trends: How Low Can They Go? | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Tube Worms and Titanic: Robert Ballard and Undersea Exploration | |
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| California Dreamer | |
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| Submersible Supporter | |
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| Unexpected Oasis | |
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| Black Smokers | |
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| I Was There: An Alien World | |
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| From Submersibles to Robots | |
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| Issues: Presence or "Telepresence" | |
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| Finding the Titanic | |
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| Underwater Archaeologist | |
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| Issues: What Should Be Done with the Titanic? | |
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| Explorer and Educator | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Water and Fire: John Delaney and Seafloor Volcanoes | |
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| Explosive Background | |
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| Exciting Eruptions | |
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| Ancient Microbes | |
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| Connections: "Warm Sea on an Icy Moon | |
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| Raising Black Smokers | |
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| NEPTUNE | |
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| Spark and Passion | |
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| Parallels: Henry Stommel's Undersea Network | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| The Van Dover Glow: Cindy Van Dover and Light Beneath the Sea | |
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| "Not College Material" | |
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| A Life-Changing Cruise | |
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| Not-so-Blind Shrimp | |
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| Glowing Vents | |
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| Alvin Pilot | |
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| Harnessing Light | |
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| Issues: Women on Oceanographic Cruises | |
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| Studies of Diversity | |
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| Solving Problems: OPUS and ALISS | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Further Resources | |
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| Index | |