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| Preface | |
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| Indian and Hispanic Origins | |
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| Ancient America on the Eve of Conquest | |
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| Aztec Warfare | |
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| The Halls of Moctezuma | |
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| Aztec Industry and Commerce | |
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| The Condition of the Aztec Peasantry | |
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| An Aztec Mother Advises Her Daughter | |
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| Mayan Industry, Commerce, and Agriculture | |
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| The Mayan Social Order | |
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| Mayan Religious Life | |
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| Mayan Origin Myth | |
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| How the Inca Formed a Nation | |
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| The Village Basis of Incan Society | |
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| Two Views of the Incan Empire | |
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| War and Cannibalism Among the Brazilian Indians | |
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| Hispanic Society on the Eve of the Conquest | |
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| The Catholic Sovereigns | |
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| The Spanish Inquisition | |
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| The Spanish Character | |
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| The Man Columbus | |
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| Columbus Sets the Stage | |
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| The Portrait of the Conqueror | |
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| Conquest and Colonization | |
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| Conquest | |
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| October 12, 1492 | |
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| The Discovery of the Pacific | |
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| The Meeting of Cortes and Moctezuma | |
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| Twilight over Tenochtitlan | |
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| Rendezvous at Cajamarca | |
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| How the New Laws Were Received in Peru | |
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| The Man Who Would Be King | |
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| Advice to a Would-Be Conqueror | |
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| Lope de Aguirre: Disillusioned Warrior | |
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| Journey's End | |
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| Colonization | |
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| The Strange Sermon of Fr. Montesinos | |
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| The Laughter of Dr. Palacios Rubios | |
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| Bartolome de las Casas: God's Angry Man | |
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| All Humankind Is One | |
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| The Portuguese Colonizer | |
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| The Slave Hunters | |
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| Aimore: Word of Terror | |
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| Indian Forced Labor in Guatemala | |
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| Debt Peonage in Peru | |
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| Dialogue in Yucatan | |
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| Guaman Poma Assesses the Conquest | |
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| The Colonial Political Economy | |
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| The Colonial Economy | |
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| The Indian Agricultural Heritage | |
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| Spain's Contributions to New World Agriculture | |
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| The Potosi Mine | |
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| The Colonial Factory | |
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| On the Sea-Road to the Indies | |
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| The Great Fair at Portobello | |
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| A Foreign View of the Spanish Commercial System | |
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| The Rise and Fall of Villa Rica | |
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| Colonial Political and Religious Institutions | |
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| The Structure of Colonial Government | |
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| "I Have Seen Corruption Boil and Bubble..." | |
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| The Corregidor: Enemy of the People | |
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| "These Laws Are Obeyed and Not Enforced" | |
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| City Government in the Spanish Indies | |
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| The Sources of Catholic Power | |
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| The Administration of Colonial Brazil | |
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| Local Government: The Capitao-Mor | |
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| The Jesuit Indian Policy | |
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| Colonial Society and Culture | |
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| Colonial Society | |
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| The Structure of Class and Caste | |
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| The Colonial City: Mexico City | |
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| The Mestizo: Seed of Tomorrow | |
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| The Indian Town | |
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| The World of the Sugar Plantation | |
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| The Free Population | |
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| The Social Consequences of Slavery | |
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| Colonial Culture | |
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| The Colonial University | |
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| The Tenth Muse | |
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| On the Foolishness of Men | |
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| Gaucho Entertainment | |
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| Indians and the Environment | |
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| Sexual and Racial Politics | |
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| Late Colonial Developments | |
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| The Bourbon Reforms | |
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| The Bourbon Commercial Reforms | |
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| The Revival of Mining | |
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| The New Experimental Sciences and Catholic Education | |
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| Colonial Industry in Decline | |
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| Political Reform: The Intendant System | |
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| The More Things Change... | |
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| Winds of Change | |
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| Colonial Journalism in Action | |
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| A Colonial Freethinker | |
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| A Plan for Democratic Education | |
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| The Plan of Tupac Amaru | |
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| A Heroine of the Tupac Amaru Revolt | |
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| A Charter of Liberty | |
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| Brazilian Slaves Resist | |
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| Independence and Its Aftermath | |
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| The Struggle for Independence | |
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| The Cleavage Within | |
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| The Forging of a Rebel | |
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| Man of Destiny | |
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| The Army of the Andes | |
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| Hidalgo: Torchbearer of the Mexican Revolution | |
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| The Reforms of Hidalgo | |
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| The Plan of Iguala | |
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| A Letter to Dom Pedro | |
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| Searching for a New Road | |
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| The Fatal Legacy | |
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| In Defense of Spain | |
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| Bolivar's Ideal Republic | |
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| The Age of Violence | |
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| Facundo: Barbarian Caudillo | |
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| Mexico City Under Santa Anna | |
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| Dom Pedro II: A Political Portrait | |
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| Constructing the Nation-State | |
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| Real and Imagined Communities | |
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| Roads to the Future | |
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| The Guano Boom | |
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| Flora Tristan: Pioneer Feminist and Socialist | |
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| Reform by Revolution | |
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| A Mexican Radical | |
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| Black Slavery Under the Empire | |
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| The Antislavery Impulse | |
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| On Racial Miscegenation in Brazil | |
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| Modernity and the Emergence of the Nation-State | |
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| Political Stability and Economic Development | |
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| Buenos Aires: First Impressions | |
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| A Different Model of Economic Development: A New Program for Chile | |
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| Porfirio Diaz Assesses His Legacy | |
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| Porfirio Diaz, Viceroy of Mexico | |
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| A Popular Perspective on Modernity | |
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| "The Old Order Changeth..." | |
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| "... Yielding Place to New" | |
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| Our America | |
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| Consolidating the Nation-State | |
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| The Rise of Mass Politics and Culture | |
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| For Land and Liberty | |
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| The Indian Problem | |
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| Teaching and Telling Stories | |
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| What Is APRA? | |
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| Cardenas Speaks | |
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| On the Protection of the Brazilian Worker | |
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| Peron Appeals to the People | |
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| Eva Peron: On Women's Right to Vote | |
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| Letter to President Peron | |
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| Of Man, Woman, and Time | |
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| Democracy, Dictatorship, and "Development" | |
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| The New Latifundio | |
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| Economic Dependency | |
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| "History Will Absolve Me" | |
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| Advice for the Urban Guerrilla | |
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| Prelude to Dictatorship | |
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| The Death of Victor Jara | |
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| Open Letter to the Military Junta | |
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| Mothers of the Disappeared | |
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| The Church in the Nicaraguan Revolution | |
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| Death of the "Mexican Economic Miracle" | |
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| Communique from Subcomandante Marcos | |
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| Challenges to the Nation-State | |
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| Globalization and Its Discontents | |
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| Lula Speaks Out | |
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| Citizens Talk About the Police | |
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| Sex and Revolution | |
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| Latin America's Left Turn | |
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| Women Take Charge | |
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| The New Populism | |
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| Challenging the Nation-State | |
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| The Two Americas | |
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| The Vision of Bolivar | |
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| The United States as Model | |
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| The Monroe Doctrine | |
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| The Two Americas | |
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| "On the Uniqueness of Latin American Spirit" | |
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| The White Man's Burden | |
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| Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | |
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| To Roosevelt | |
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| Mexico's President Looks North | |
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| National Security | |
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| Operation Guatemala | |
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| Dissent Within the Ranks | |
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| Covert Operations | |
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| Glossary of Spanish, Portuguese, and Indian Terms | |