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Acknowledgments | |
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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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A Critical Consideration of the New Pedagogy in its Relation to Modern Science | |
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Influence of Modern Science upon Pedagogy | |
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Italy's part in the development of Scientific Pedagogy | |
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Difference between scientific technique and the scientific spirit | |
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Direction of the preparation should be toward the spirit rather than toward the mechanism | |
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The master to study man in the awakening of his intellectual life | |
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Attitude of the teacher in the light of another example | |
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The school must permit the free natural manifestations of the child if in the school Scientific Pedagogy is to be born | |
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Stationary desks and chairs proof that the principle of slavery still informs the school | |
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Conquest of liberty, what the school needs | |
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What may happen to the spirit | |
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Prizes and punishments, the bench of the soul | |
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All human victories, all human progress, stand upon the inner force | |
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History of Methods | |
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Necessity of establishing the method peculiar to Scientific Pedagogy | |
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Origin of educational system in use in the "Children's Houses" | |
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Practical application of the methods of Itard and Seguin in the Orthophrenic School at Rome | |
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Origin of the methods for the education of deficients | |
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Application of the methods in Germany and France | |
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Seguin's first didactic material was spiritual | |
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Methods for deficients applied to the education of normal children | |
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Social and pedagogic importance of the "Children's Houses" | |
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Inaugural Address Delivered on the Occasion of the Opening of one of the "Children's Houses" | |
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The Quarter of San Lorenzo before and since the establishment of the "Children's Houses" | |
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Evil of subletting the most cruel form of usury | |
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The problem of life more profound than that of the intellectual elevation of the poor | |
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Isolation of the masses of the poor, unknown to past centuries | |
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Work of the Roman Association of Good Building and the moral importance of their reforms | |
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The "Children's House" earned by the parents through their care of the building | |
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Pedagogical organization of the "Children's House" | |
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The "Children's House" the first step toward the socialisation of the house | |
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The communised house in its relation to the home and to the spiritual evolution of women | |
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Rules and regulations of the "Children's Houses" | |
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Pedagogical Methods Used in the "Children's Houses" | |
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Child psychology can be established only through the method of external observation | |
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Anthropological consideration | |
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Anthropological notes | |
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Environment and schoolroom furnishings | |
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Discipline | |
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Discipline through liberty | |
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Independence | |
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Abolition of prizes and external forms of punishment | |
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Biological concept of liberty in pedagogy | |
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How the Lesson Should be Given | |
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Characteristics of the individual lessons | |
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Method of observation the fundamental guide | |
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Difference between the scientific and unscientific methods illustrated | |
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First task of educators to stimulate life, leaving it then free to develop | |
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Exercises of Practical Life | |
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Suggested schedule for the "Children's Houses" | |
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The child must be prepared for the forms of social life and his attention attracted to these forms | |
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Cleanliness, order, poise, conversation | |
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Refection--The Child's Diet | |
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Diet must be adapted to the child's physical nature | |
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Foods and their preparation | |
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Drinks | |
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Distribution of meals | |
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Muscular Education--Gymnastics | |
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Generally accepted idea of gymnastics is inadequate | |
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The special gymnastics necessary for little children | |
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Other pieces of gymnastic apparatus | |
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Free gymnastics | |
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Educational gymnastics | |
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Respiratory gymnastics, and labial, dental, and lingual gymnastics | |
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Nature in Education--Agricultural Labour: Culture of Plants and Animals | |
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The savage of the Aveyron | |
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Itard's educative drama repeated in the education of little children | |
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Gardening and horticulture basis of a method for education of children | |
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The child initiated into observation of the phenomena of life and into foresight by way of auto-education | |
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Children are initiated into the virtue of patience and into confident expectation, and are inspired with a feeling for nature | |
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The child follows the natural way of development of the human race | |
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Manual Labour--The Potter's Art, and Building | |
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Difference between manual labour and manual gymnastics | |
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The School of Educative Art | |
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Archaeological, historical, and artistic importance of the vase | |
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Manufacture of diminutive bricks and construction of diminutive walls and houses | |
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Education of the Senses | |
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Aim of education to develop the energies | |
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Difference in the reaction between deficient and normal children in the presentation of didactic material made up of graded stimuli | |
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Education of the senses has as its aim the refinement of the differential perception of stimuli by means of repeated exercises | |
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Three Periods of Seguin | |
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Education of the Senses and Illustrations of the Didactic Material: General Sensibility: The Tactile, Thermic, Baric and Stereognostic Senses | |
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Education of the tactile, thermic and baric senses | |
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Education of the stereognostic sense | |
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Education of the senses of taste and smell | |
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Education of the sense of vision | |
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Exercises with the three series of cards | |
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Education of the chromatic sense | |
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Exercise for the discrimination of sounds | |
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Musical education | |
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Tests for acuteness of hearing | |
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A lesson in silence | |
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General Notes on the Education of the Senses | |
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Aim in education biological and social | |
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Education of the senses makes men observers and prepares them directly for practical life | |
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Intellectual Education | |
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Sense exercises a species of auto-education | |
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Importance of an exact nomenclature, and how to teach it | |
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Spontaneous progress of the child the greatest triumph of Scientific Pedagogy | |
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Games of the blind | |
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Application of the visual sense to the observation of environment | |
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Method of using didactic material: dimensions, form, design | |
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Free plastic work | |
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Geometric analysis of figures | |
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Exercises in the chromatic sense | |
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Method for the Teaching of Reading and Writing | |
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Spontaneous development of graphic language: Seguin and Itard | |
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Necessity of a special education that shall fit man for objective observation and direct logical thought | |
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Results of objective observation and logical thought | |
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Not necessary to begin teaching writing with vertical strokes | |
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Spontaneous drawing of normal children | |
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Use of Froebel mats in teaching children sewing | |
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Children should be taught how before they are made to execute a task | |
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Two diverse forms of movement made in writing | |
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Experiments with normal children | |
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Origin of aphabets in present use | |
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Description of the Method and Didactic Material Used | |
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Exercise tending to develop the muscular mechanism necessary in holding and using the instrument in writing | |
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Didactic material for writing | |
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Exercise tending to establish the visual-muscular image of the alphabetical signs, and to establish the muscular memory of the movements necessary to writing | |
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Exercises for the composition of words | |
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Reading, the interpretation of an idea from written signs | |
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Games for the reading of words | |
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Games for the reading of phrases | |
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Point education has reached in the "Children's Houses" | |
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Language in Childhood | |
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Physiological importance of graphic language | |
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Two periods in the development of language | |
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Analysis of speech necessary | |
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Defects of language due to education | |
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Teaching of Numeration: Introduction to Arithmetic | |
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Numbers as represented by graphic signs | |
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Exercises for the memory of numbers | |
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Addition and subtraction from one to twenty: multiplication and division | |
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Lessons on decimals: arithmetical calculations beyond ten | |
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Sequence of Exercises | |
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Sequence and grades in the presentation of material and in the exercises | |
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First grade | |
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Second grade | |
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Third grade | |
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Fourth grade | |
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Fifth grade | |
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General Review of Discipline | |
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Discipline better than in ordinary schools | |
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First dawning of discipline comes through work | |
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Orderly action is the true rest for muscles intended by nature for action | |
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The exercise that develops life consists in the repetition, not in the mere grasp of the idea | |
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Aim of repetition that the child shall refine his senses through the exercise of attention, of comparison, of judgment | |
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Obedience is naturally sacrifice | |
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Obedience develops will-power and the capacity to perform the act it becomes necessary to obey | |
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Conclusions and Impressions | |
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The teacher has become the director of spontaneous work in the "Children's Houses" | |
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The problems of religious education should be solved by positive pedagogy | |
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Spiritual influence of the "Children's Houses" | |