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| List of Tables | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Boxes | |
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| List of Color Plates | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| A Note on Names and Pronunciation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Discovery and Conquest by Europeans | |
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| The Fate of the Maya Heritage | |
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| The Meaning of Maya Civilization | |
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| Foreign Domination and Rebirth of the Maya Heritage | |
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| The Destruction of the Maya Heritage | |
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| The Setting of Maya Civilization | |
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| Natural and Cultural Subdivisions of the Maya Area | |
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| The Pacific Coastal Plain | |
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| The Highlands | |
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| The Lowlands | |
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| The Consequences of Ecological Diversity | |
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| Archaeology and Maya Civilization | |
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| Reconstructing the Past | |
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| Changing Perspectives on the Maya Past | |
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| Models of Past Societies | |
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| Development of Complex Society and Civilization | |
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| The Evolution of Civilizations | |
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| Understanding the Evolution of Maya Civilization | |
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| The Maya Economy | |
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| Maya Social and Political Systems | |
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| Maya Ideology and Religion | |
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| The Ancient Maya World | |
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| Elite and Nonelite Views of the Ancient Maya | |
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| Chronology | |
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| History and Maya Civilization | |
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| Time and Maya History | |
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| Numerals | |
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| The Calendar | |
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| Measuring the Cycles of Time | |
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| Recording the Cycles of Time | |
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| Sources of Maya History | |
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| The Maya Chronicles | |
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| Ancient Writing Systems | |
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| Pre-Columbian Maya Texts | |
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| Ancient Maya Writing | |
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| Milestones in Decipherment | |
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| Contributions to Understanding the Ancient Maya | |
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| History and Maya Civilization | |
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| The Origins of Maya Civilization | |
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| The Chronology of Pre-Columbian Development | |
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| The Archaic: Origins of Highland and Coastal Cultural Traditions | |
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| The Early Preclassic: Agriculture, Warfare, and Evidence of Complex Society | |
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| Preclassic Developments on the Gulf Coast of Mexico | |
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| Preclassic Developments in Highland Mexico | |
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| Summary of Archaic and Early Preclassic Developments | |
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| Patterns in the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization | |
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| The Emergence of Maya Civilization in the Middle Preclassic | |
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| The Emergence of Complex Societies | |
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| Markers of Complex Societies | |
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| The Pacific Plain in the Middle Preclassic | |
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| Middle Preclassic Commodities and Monuments | |
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| The Highlands in the Middle Preclassic | |
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| The Lowlands in the Middle Preclassic | |
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| Middle Preclassic Communities | |
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| The Rise of Complex Society in the Lowlands | |
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| Further Middle Preclassic Developments in the Lowlands | |
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| Summary: The Middle Preclassic Precursors of Maya Civilization | |
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| The Origins of Maya States in the Late Preclassic | |
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| Late Preclassic Maya Civilization and Writing Traditions | |
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| The Late Preclassic Isthmian Tradition | |
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| The Late Preclassic Southern Maya | |
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| Highland-Lowland Interaction in the Preclassic | |
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| The Maya Lowlands in the Late Preclassic | |
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| Patterns of Late Preclassic Rulership | |
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| Preclassic Developments in the Northern Lowlands | |
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| Late Preclassic Lowland Maya Civilization | |
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| Decline in the Terminal Preclassic | |
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| Summary: Reconstructing the Maya Preclassic | |
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| The Expansion of Maya States in the Early Classic | |
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| The Early Classic and the Origins of Maya Civilization | |
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| The Southern Maya Area in the Classic Period | |
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| The Classic Transition in the Lowlands | |
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| The Expansion of States in the Maya Lowlands | |
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| Competition and Warfare in the Classic Lowlands | |
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| The Early Classic in the Maya Lowlands | |
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| The Rise of Tikal in the Early Classic (ca. 100-378) | |
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| Neighboring Centers in the Central Lowlands (ca. 328-416) | |
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| Strangers in the Lowlands (378-456) | |
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| Expansion into the Southeastern Area (406-37) | |
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| Archaeology, History, and Copan's Dynastic Founding (ca. 400-470) | |
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| The Founder of Quirigua | |
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| The Rise of the Calakmul Dynasty (435-561) | |
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| The Calakmul-Caracol Alliance | |
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| Prosperity and Problems at Tikal (458-562) | |
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| The Defeat of Tikal (562) | |
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| Summary: The Early Classic States of the Maya Lowlands | |
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| The Apogee of Maya States in the Late Classic | |
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| Ascendancy of Calakmul (562-695) | |
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| The Resurgence of Tikal (682-768) | |
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| Rise and Fall of the Petexbatun Kingdom (682-802) | |
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| The End of the Calakmul Dynasty (695-909) | |
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| Recovery and Decline at Caracol (798-859) | |
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| The End of the Tikal Dynasty (768-869) | |
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| Expansion of the Usumacinta Polities | |
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| Expansion of the Western Polities | |
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| Expansion of the Southeastern Polities | |
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| Summary: Development of States in the Late Classic Lowlands | |
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| Transformations in the Terminal Classic | |
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| Decline in the Classic Heartland | |
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| The Downfall of Classic Maya States | |
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| Explanations for the End of Maya States | |
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| A Scenario for the Downfall of Classic Maya States | |
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| Survival and Revival of Classic Enclaves | |
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| Transformation in the Terminal Classic | |
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| The Transitional Regional Traditions | |
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| The Rise of the Northern Lowland Polities | |
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| Polities in Northwestern Yucatan | |
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| Polities in Northeastern Yucatan | |
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| The Rise of Chichen Itza | |
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| The Itza Economy | |
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| The Itza State | |
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| The Cult of K'uk'ulkan | |
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| Changes in the Southern Maya Area | |
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| Summary: Culmination and Transition in the Terminal Classic | |
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| Reformulation and Revival in the Postclassic | |
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| The Downfall of Chichen Itza | |
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| The Rise of Mayapan | |
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| The Mayapan State | |
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| The Fall of Mayapan and the Rise of Petty States | |
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| The East Coast of Yucatan | |
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| Revival of Fortunes in the Central Lowlands | |
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| The Southern Maya Area in the Postclassic | |
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| Summary: Reformulation and Revival in the Postclassic | |
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| Overview: Changing Perspectives on Maya Civilization | |
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| The Ancient Maya Economy | |
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| The Political Economy | |
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| The Social Economy | |
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| Mobilization of Labor | |
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| Ancient Maya Subsistence | |
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| Reconstructing the Patterns of Subsistence | |
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| Production of Goods | |
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| Distribution of Goods | |
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| The Importance of Trade | |
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| Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Long-Distance Trade | |
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| The Organization of Maya Society | |
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| Reconstructing the Social Landscape | |
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| Maya Society in the Pre-Columbian Era | |
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| Marriage and the Family | |
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| Ancient Maya Households | |
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| Settlement in the Maya Lowlands | |
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| Social Stratification | |
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| Residential and Descent Groups | |
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| Residential Groups and the House Model | |
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| Reconstructing the Political Landscape | |
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| Divine Kings and the Hierarchy of Power | |
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| Maya Polities | |
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| Cycles of Growth and Decline | |
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| State Organizational Models | |
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| The Basis of Political Power | |
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| Maya Ideology and Religion | |
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| Maya World View | |
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| Origins of Maya Ideology | |
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| Transformations by Outsiders | |
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| Cosmology | |
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| Maya Deities | |
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| Rituals and Ceremonies | |
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| Royal Rituals of the Classic Period | |
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| Rituals of the Postclassic and Conquest Periods | |
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| The Ideological Foundations of Maya Civilization | |
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| Epilogue: The Conquest of the Maya | |
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| First Contacts, 1502-25 | |
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| The Period of Conquest, 1524-1697 | |
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| The Subjugation of the Southern Maya by Pedro de Alvarado, 1524-27 | |
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| The Subjugation of Yucatan by the Montejos, 1527-46 | |
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| The Independent Itza, 1525-1696 | |
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| The Subjugation of the Itza, 1696-97 | |
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| Dates for K'atun and Half-K'atun Endings | |
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| Bibliographic Summaries | |