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| Foreword | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The purpose of this book | |
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| The sophists | |
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| Philo among the Alexandrian sophists | |
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| Paul among the Corinthian sophists | |
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| Recent sophistic and rhetorical studies | |
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| The structure of this book | |
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| The Alexandrian Sophists | |
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| Introduction to Part I | |
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| A student among the Alexandrian sophists | |
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| The shortage of sophists' schools | |
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| A private tutor in rhetoric as an alternative | |
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| The public declaimers | |
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| The status of students of the sophists | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Dio and the Alexandrian sophistic leaders | |
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| The conflict in Alexandria | |
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| Dio as Alexandria's counsellor and saviour | |
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| Philosophers as former leaders in politeia | |
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| Orators, poets and sophists as present leaders in politeia | |
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| Orators and sophists in Dio's corpus | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Who are Philo's sophists? | |
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| Identifying Philo's sophists | |
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| Present-day orators and sophists in Contempl. 31 | |
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| The throng of sophists in Agr. 136 | |
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| Sophists and Sceptics and Academic philosophers in QG III.33 | |
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| Sophists and Peripatetics, Stoics, Epicureans etc. in Congr. 67 | |
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| Sophists and the ancient poets Homer and Hesiod in Op. 157 | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Philo's critique of the Alexandrian sophistic tradition | |
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| The sophistic misuse of paideia for vice | |
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| The sophistic misuse of paideia for deception | |
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| The sophistic misuse of paideia for personal gain | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Philo among the sophists | |
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| Philo as orator and debater | |
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| Debating with and defeating the sophists | |
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| General conclusions | |
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| The Corinthian Sophists | |
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| Introduction to Part II | |
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| Epictetus and the Corinthian student of the sophists | |
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| Epictetus and the sophists | |
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| Epictetus and sophistic declamations | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Dio and Plutarch among the Corinthian sophists | |
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| Dio among the Corinthian sophists | |
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| Favorinus, the sophist, in Corinth | |
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| Herodes Atticus, the sophist and benefactor of Corinth | |
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| Plutarch among the Corinthian sophists | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Paul and sophistic conventions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Paul's anti-sophistic coming and conduct: 1 Corinthians 2.1-5; 9 | |
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| The Corinthians' sophistic response: 1 Corinthians 1.12, 3.4 | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Paul's critique of the Corinthian sophistic tradition | |
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| The so-called 'apologia': 1 Corinthians 1-4 | |
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| Inferiority and sophistic status: 1 Corinthians 1.4-9 | |
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| The idolatry of sophistic imitation: 1 Corinthians 1.10-17a | |
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| Sophistic boasting: 1 Corinthians 1.17b-31 | |
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| The sophist/disciple boasting and imitation reversed: 1 Corinthians 3.18-23 | |
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| The irony of Paul's 'covert allusion', boasting, status, and true imitation: 1 Corinthians 4.6ff. | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Paul among the Christian sophists | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The sophistic assessment of Paul as orator and debater: 2 Corinthians 10.10, 11.6, 12.16 | |
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| Paul's assessment of the Christian sophists: 2 Corinthians 10-13 | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The first-century sophistic movement | |
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| Philo's and Paul's sophistic opponents | |
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| The sophistic versus the Gnostic thesis | |
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| Philo, Paul, and rhetoric | |
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| Philo and Paul--towards a comparison | |
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| Athens and Jerusalem, the Academy and the church | |
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| POxy. 2190 | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index of subjects | |
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| Index of literary sources | |
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| Index of non-literary sources | |
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| Index of authors | |