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| Illustrations | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Chronology of Events | |
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| Introduction: Galileo and the Church-Or, How Do Science and Religion Interact? | |
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| The Conflict Model | |
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| The Case of the Galileo Affair | |
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| Three Additional Special Cases of Conflict | |
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| Modern Claims That Religion Supports Science | |
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| Religion and the Transition to "Modern" Science: Christian Demands for Useful Knowledge | |
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| The Starting Point: Late Medieval Science | |
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| Challenges to Medieval Science | |
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| Christian Humanism and the Hermetic Corpus | |
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| The Life and Works of Paracelsus | |
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| Christian Utopias and the Institutions for Modern Science | |
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| Science and Catholicism in the Scientific Revolution, 1550-1770 | |
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| Science and the Council of Trent | |
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| Jesuit Science | |
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| Catholics and the Mechanical Philosophy: Mersenne, Descartes, and Gassendi | |
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| The Special Case of Blaise Pascal | |
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| Science and Religion in England, 1590-1740 | |
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| The Anglican Focus on Natural Theology | |
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| The Puritan Approach to Natural Knowledge | |
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| The Origins of Anglican Mechanical Philosophy | |
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| The Anti-Materialist Response to Hobbes | |
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| Newton's Religion, Newtonian Religions, and Eighteenth-Century Reactions | |
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| Newton's Science and Reputation | |
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| Newton and Prophecy Interpretation | |
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| Newtonian Religion | |
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| John Locke and the Rise of Deism | |
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| Reactions against Newtonian Natural Theology | |
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| Scientific Understandings of Religion and Religious Understandings of Science, 1700-1859 | |
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| Early Anthropological Approaches to Religion | |
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| Religion and the Emotions | |
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| Immanuel Kant's Separation of Scientific Knowledge from Religious Faith | |
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| The Post-Kantian Tradition in German Theology-Schleiermacher and Hegel | |
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| A New Anthropology of Religion-Feuerbach | |
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| David Strauss and the Use of Science to Reject Evangelical Christianity | |
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| Auguste Comte's "Religion of Humanity" | |
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| Scottish Common Sense Philosophy Calls for a Scientific Religion and a Religious Science | |
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| Back to the Beginnings-of the Earth, of Life, and of Humankind, 1680-1859 | |
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| Mosaic Geology | |
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| Secular Geology and the Age of the Earth | |
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| Accounting for Change Over Time | |
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| Buffon | |
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| Lamarck | |
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| The Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation | |
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| What to Do about Darwin? | |
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| The Character of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species | |
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| Initial Anglo-American Religious Responses to Darwin | |
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| Darwinism and Concerns about Scientific Naturalism | |
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| Anglo-American Protestant Responses to Darwin after 1875 | |
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| Anglo-American Catholic and Jewish Responses to Evolution | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| Hermetica | |
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| The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity in Eight Books | |
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| "A Free Inquiry into the Vulgarly Conceived Notion of Nature" | |
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| The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of Creation | |
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| The Theory of the Earth | |
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| The Natural History of Religion | |
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| The Essence of Christianity | |
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| History of the Conflict between Religion and Science | |
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| The Religious Aspect of Evolution | |
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| Annotated Bibliography | |
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| Index | |