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| Dedication | |
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| Preface | |
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| Additional Learning Resources | |
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| User's Guide | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Reviewers | |
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| Guide to Case Studies | |
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| General Pathology | |
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| The Nature of Disease: How to Think about Illness | |
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| The Nature of Disease | |
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| Bodily Structure and Function in Disease | |
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| Healthy Is Not the Same as Normal; Sick Is Not the Same as Abnormal | |
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| Defining Normal | |
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| The Extent of Abnormality | |
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| Test Sensitivity and Specificity | |
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| The Usefulness of Tests in Diagnosis | |
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| The Effect of Disease Prevalence on Test Usefulness | |
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| Initial Tests and Follow-up Tests | |
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| Disease and Diagnosis | |
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| Cell Injury, Adaptation, and Death | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| The Origins of Cells and the Organization of Tissues | |
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| The Nucleus | |
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| The Cytoplasm | |
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| The Cell Membrane | |
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| The Cell Cycle | |
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| Cellular Communication | |
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| Biologic Aging | |
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| Cell Injury and Disease | |
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| Mild Cell Injury | |
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| Intracellular Accumulations | |
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| Adaptations of Cell Growth and Differentiation | |
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| Severe Cell Injury and Cell Death | |
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| Inflammation: The Reaction to Injury | |
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| The Inflammatory Response to Injury | |
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| The Cellular Response in Inflammation | |
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| The Vascular Response in Inflammation | |
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| Molecular Mediators of Inflammation | |
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| Acute Inflammation | |
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| The Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammation | |
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| The Anatomic Characteristics of Acute Inflammation | |
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| The Consequences of Acute Inflammation | |
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| Chronic Inflammation | |
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| The Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammation | |
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| The Anatomic Characteristics of Chronic Inflammation | |
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| The Consequences of Chronic Inflammation | |
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| Distant Effects of Inflammation | |
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| Lymphangitis, Lymphadenitis, and Lymphadenopathy | |
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| Systemic Effects of Inflammation | |
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| The Inflammatory Response to Infection | |
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| Repair: Recovery from Injury | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Replacement of Injured Cells | |
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| The Importance of Tissue Structure | |
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| The Control of Cell Reproduction and Tissue Growth | |
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| Wound Healing and Fibrous Repair | |
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| Cell Migration into the Wound | |
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| The Growth of New Blood Vessels | |
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| Scar Development | |
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| Healing by First Intention | |
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| Healing by Second Intention | |
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| Abnormal Wound Healing | |
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| Host Factors Interfering with Wound Healing | |
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| Pathologic Wound Healing | |
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| Overview of Injury, Inflammation, and Repair | |
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| Disorders of Fluid Balance and Blood Flow | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Blood Pressure | |
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| Osmotic Pressure | |
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| The Circulation of Blood and Lymph | |
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| The Anatomy of Blood Vessels and Lymphatics | |
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| Body Water and Fluid Compartments | |
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| Edema | |
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| Low-protein Edema | |
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| High-protein Edema | |
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| Clinical Aspects of Edema | |
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| Hyperemia and Congestion | |
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| Hemorrhage, Thrombosis, and Embolism | |
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| Hemorrhage | |
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| Thrombosis | |
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| Embolism | |
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| Blood Flow Obstruction | |
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| Infarction | |
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| The Development of an Infarct | |
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| The Collapse of Circulation: Shock | |
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| Types of Shock | |
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| Stages of Shock | |
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| Neoplasms | |
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| The Language of Neoplasia | |
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| Types of Neoplasms | |
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| The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Neoplasia | |
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| Mutations | |
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| Cell Growth Control Genes | |
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| DNA Repair | |
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| The Causes of Cancer | |
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| The Structure of Neoplasms | |
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| The Gross Anatomy of Neoplasms | |
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| The Microscopic Anatomy of Neoplasms | |
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| Premalignant States and Conditions | |
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| The Biology of Neoplastic Growth | |
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| The Differentiation of Tumor Cells | |
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| Clones of Cells | |
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| The Speed of Tumor Growth | |
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| The Nourishment of Tumors | |
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| Tumor Cell Variation | |
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| The Spread of Neoplasms | |
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| The Immune Defense Against Neoplasia | |
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| The Epidemiology of Cancer | |
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| The Clinical Picture of Cancer | |
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| Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of Neoplasms | |
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| Clinical History | |
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| Obtaining Tissues and Cells for Diagnosis | |
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| Grading and Staging of Malignancies | |
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| Early Detection of Cancer | |
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| Tumor Markers | |
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| Developmental Genetic, and Pediatric Disease | |
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| Developmental Abnormalities | |
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| Embryologic Development | |
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| Congenital Malformations | |
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| Congenital Deformations | |
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| Genetic Disorders | |
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| Mutations | |
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| The Broad Influence of Genetics in Disease | |
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| Disease of Single Genes (Monogenic Disorders) | |
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| Disease Caused by Defective Dominant Autosomal Genes | |
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| Disease Caused by Defective Recessive Autosomal Genes | |
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| Disease Caused by Defective Genes on Sex Chromosomes | |
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| Clinical Expression of Single-Gene Defects | |
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| Cytogenetic Diseases | |
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| Disease Associated with Abnormal Numbers of Autosomes | |
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| Disease Associated with Abnormal Numbers of Sex Chromosomes | |
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| Genetic Diagnosis | |
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| Pediatric Diseases | |
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| Perinatal and Neonatal Disease | |
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| Intrauterine Growth Restriction | |
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| Prematurity | |
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| Birth Injury | |
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| Fetal and Newborn Infections | |
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| Infections in Children | |
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| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | |
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| Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) | |
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| Cystic Fibrosis | |
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| Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions of Children | |
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| Diseases of the Immune System | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Nonimmune Defense Mechanisms | |
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| The Normal Immune System | |
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| Immunity in Blood Transfusion | |
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| Classification of Immune Disease | |
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| Mechanisms of Immune Reaction | |
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| Immune Reaction: Immediate Hypersensitivity | |
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| Immune Reaction: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity | |
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| Immune Reaction: Immune-complex Hypersensitivity | |
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| Immune Reaction: Cellular (Delayed) Hypersensitivity | |
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| Hypersensitivity Disease | |
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| Allergic Disease | |
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| Autoimmune Disease | |
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| Immunity in Organ and Tissue Transplantation | |
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| Immunity in Blood Transfusion | |
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| Amyloidosis | |
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| Immunodeficiency Diseases | |
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| Inherited Immunodeficiency Diseases | |
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| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | |
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| Malignancies of Immune Cells | |
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| Infectious Disease | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Infection | |
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| Contagion | |
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| The Spread of Organisms in Tissue | |
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| Mechanisms of Microbiologic Injury | |
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| The Inflammatory Response to Infection | |
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| Infections of Organ Systems | |
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| Respiratory Infections | |
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| Gastrointestinal Infections | |
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| Genitourinary Infections | |
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| Skin Infections | |
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| Infections by Pyogenic Bacteria | |
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| Infections by Clostridium Organisms and Other Necrotizing Agents | |
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| Opportunistic and AIDS-related Infections | |
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| Tropical, Vector-borne, and Parasite Infections | |
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| Vector-borne Infections | |
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| Parasitic Infections | |
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| The Natural Course of an Infection | |
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| Signs and Symptoms of Infection | |
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| Laboratory Tools | |
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| Disorders of Daily Life and Diet | |
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| Injury Resulting from Trauma | |
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| Injury Resulting from Extremes of Temperature | |
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| Thermal Burns | |
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| Cold Injury | |
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| Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, and Heat Stroke | |
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| Pollution and Occupational Disease | |
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| Exposure to Toxic Materials | |
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| Chemicals | |
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| Adverse Reactions to Therapeutic Drugs | |
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| Radiation | |
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| Inhalant Lung Disease | |
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| Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs | |
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| Cigarette Smoking | |
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| Alcohol Abuse | |
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| Drug Abuse | |
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| Nutritional Disease | |
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| Malnutrition | |
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| Obesity | |
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| The Metabolic Syndrome | |
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| Diseases of Organ Systems | |
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| Diseases of Blood Cells and Blood Coagulation | |
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| Diseases of Blood Cells | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Normal Blood Production (Hematopoiesis) | |
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| Cell Compartments and Life Span | |
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| Laboratory Assessment of Blood Cells | |
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| Too Little Hemoglobin (Anemia) | |
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| The Anemia of Hemorrhage | |
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| Anemia of Red Cell Destruction (Hemolytic Anemias) | |
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| Anemia of Insufficient Red Cell Production | |
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| Too Many Red Cells-Polycythemia | |
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| Too Few White Cells-Leukopenia and Agranulocytosis | |
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| Too Many White Cells-Benign and Malignant Disorders of Leukocytes | |
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| Peripheral Leukocyte Responses to Infection or Injury | |
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| Lymph Node Response to Injury or Infection | |
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| Lymphoid Neoplasms | |
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| Myeloid Neoplasms | |
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| Disorders of the Spleen and Thymus | |
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| Bleeding Disorders | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Bleeding Disorders | |
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| Vascular or Platelet Deficiency | |
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| Coagulation Factor Deficiency | |
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| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) | |
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| Thrombotic Disorders | |
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| Diseases of Blood Vessels | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| The Normal Vascular System | |
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| Regulation of Blood Pressure | |
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| Lipid Classification and Metabolism | |
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| Desirable Plasma Lipid Concentrations | |
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| Nomenclature of Blood Vessel Disease | |
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| Atherosclerosis | |
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| The Causes and Consequences of Atherosclerosis | |
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| The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis | |
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| Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis | |
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| The Pathologic Anatomy of Atherosclerosis | |
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| Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis | |
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| Hypertension | |
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| Types of Hypertension | |
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| Pathogenesis of Hypertension | |
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| The Pathology of Hypertension | |
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| Clinical Aspects of Hypertension | |
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| Aneurysms and Dissections | |
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| Vasculitis | |
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| Raynaud Phenomenon | |
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| Diseases of Veins | |
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| Tumors of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels | |
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| Diseases of the Heart | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| The Normal Heart | |
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| The Coronary Circulation | |
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| The Cardiac Cycle | |
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| Arrhythmias | |
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| Congestive Heart Failure | |
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| Pathophysiology | |
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| Etiology | |
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| Clinical Features | |
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| Ischemic Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease) | |
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| Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease | |
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| Causes of Coronary Ischemia | |
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| Angina Pectoris | |
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| Myocardial Infarction | |
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| Chronic Myocardial Ischemia | |
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| Sudden Cardiac Death | |
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| Hypertensive Heart Disease | |
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| Valvular Heart Disease | |
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| Rheumatic Heart Disease | |
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| Calcific Aortic Stenosis | |
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| Myxomatous Degeneration of the Mitral Valve | |
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| Endocarditis | |
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| Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis | |
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| Infective Endocarditis | |
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| Primary Myocardial Diseases | |
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| Myocarditis | |
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| Cardiomyopathies | |
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| Congenital Heart Disease | |
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| Malformations With Shunts | |
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| Malformations With Obstruction to Flow | |
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| Pericardial Disease | |
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| Diseases of the Respiratory System | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| The Normal Respiratory Tract | |
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| Lung Volume, Air Flow, and Gas Exchange | |
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| Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract | |
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| Atelectasis (Collapse) | |
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| Obstructive Lung Disease | |
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| Asthma | |
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| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | |
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| Restrictive Lung Disease | |
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| Interstitial Fibrosis without Granulomatous Inflammation | |
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| Interstitial Fibrosis with Granulomatous Inflammation | |
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| Vascular and Circulatory Lung Disease | |
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| Pulmonary Edema | |
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| Pulmonary Thromboembolism | |
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| Pulmonary Hypertension | |
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| Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome | |
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| Pulmonary Infections | |
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| Pneumonia | |
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| Lung Abscess | |
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| Pulmonary Tuberculosis | |
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| Pulmonary Fungus Infections (Deep Mycoses) | |
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| Other Lung Infections | |
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| Lung Neoplasms | |
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| Bronchogenic Carcinoma | |
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| Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor | |
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| Diseases of the Pleura | |
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| Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| The Mouth and Esophagus | |
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| The Stomach | |
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| The Small Intestine | |
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| The Large Bowel | |
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| Intestinal Bacteria | |
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| Intestinal Bleeding | |
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| Intestinal Obstruction and Ileus | |
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| Diseases of the Oral Cavity | |
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| Diseases of Salivary Glands | |
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| Diseases of the Esophagus | |
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| Diseases of the Stomach | |
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| Gastritis | |
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| Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers | |
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| Carcinoma of the Stomach | |
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| Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Small Bowel and Large Bowel | |
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| Congenital Anomalies | |
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| Vascular Diseases | |
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| Diarrheal Diseases | |
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| Malabsorption Syndromes | |
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| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | |
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| Colonic Diverticulosis and Other Conditions | |
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| Peritonitis | |
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| Neoplasms of the Large and Small Bowel | |
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| Nonneoplastic Polyps | |
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| Neoplastic Polyps (Adenomas) | |
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| Carcinoma of the Colon | |
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| Diseases of the Appendix | |
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| Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Liver Anatomy | |
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| Liver Function | |
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| The Liver Response to Injury | |
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| Anatomic Patterns of Liver Injury | |
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| Functional Patterns of Liver Injury | |
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| Cirrhosis | |
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| Anatomic Types of Cirrhosis | |
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| The Pathophysiology of Cirrhosis | |
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| Clinical Features of Cirrhosis | |
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| Viral Hepatitis | |
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| Clinicopathologic Syndromes | |
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| Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection | |
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| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection | |
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| Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection | |
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| Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Infection | |
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| Hepatitis E virus (HEV) Infection | |
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| The Anatomic Pathology of Hepatitis | |
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| Autoimmune Hepatitis | |
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| Liver Abscess | |
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| Toxic Liver Injury | |
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| Alcoholic Liver Disease | |
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| Fatty Liver | |
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| Alcoholic Hepatitis | |
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| Alcoholic Cirrhosis | |
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| Inherited Metabolic and Pediatric Liver Disease | |
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| Hemochromatosis | |
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| Wilson Disease | |
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| Hereditary Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency | |
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| Neonatal Cholestasis, Biliary Atresia, and Hepatitis | |
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| Reye syndrome | |
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| Disease of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts | |
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| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | |
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| Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis | |
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| Circulatory Disorders | |
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| Tumors of the Liver | |
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| Primary Carcinomas of the Liver | |
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| Cholangiocarcinoma | |
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| Diseases of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts | |
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| Diseases of the Gallbladder | |
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| Diseases of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts | |
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| Diseases of the Pancreas | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| The Digestive (Exocrine) Pancreas | |
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| The Hormonal (Endocrine) Pancreas | |
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| Diseases of the Digestive (Exocrine) Pancreas | |
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| Pancreatitis | |
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| Carcinoma of the Pancreas | |
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| Diseases of the Hormonal (Endocrine) Pancreas | |
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| Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms | |
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| Diseases of Endocrine Glands | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Homeostasis | |
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| The Pituitary Gland | |
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| The Thyroid Gland | |
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| The Parathyroid Glands | |
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| The Adrenal Glands | |
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| Diseases of the Pituitary Gland | |
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| Diseases Affecting the Anterior Pituitary | |
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| Disease of the Posterior Pituitary | |
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| Diseases of the Thyroid Gland | |
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| Overactivity of the Thyroid Gland (Hyperthyroidism) | |
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| Underactivity of the Thyroid Gland (Hypothyroidism) | |
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| Goiter | |
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| Thyroiditis | |
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| Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland | |
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| Diseases of the Parathyroid Glands | |
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| Overactivity of the Parathyroid Glands (Hyperparathyroidism) | |
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| Underactivity of the Parathyroid Glands (Hypoparathyroidism) | |
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| Diseases of the Adrenal Gland | |
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| Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex | |
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| Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla | |
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| Diseases of the Kidney | |
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| Back to Basics | |
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| Renal Function | |
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| The Normal Glomerulus | |
| |
| |
| Formation of the Glomerular Filtrate | |
| |
| |
| Tubular Processing of the Glomerular Filtrate | |
| |
| |
| The Language of Renal Disease | |
| |
| |
| Normal Urine and Urinalysis | |
| |
| |
| Clinical Syndromes of Renal Disease | |
| |
| |
| Inherited, Congenital, and Developmental Disease | |
| |
| |
| Glomerular Disease | |
| |
| |
| The Initiation and Progression of Glomerular Disease | |
| |
| |
| Glomerulonephritis | |
| |
| |
| Secondary Glomerular Disease | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Renal Vasculature | |
| |
| |
| Acute Tubular Necrosis | |
| |
| |
| Tubulointerstitial Nephritis | |
| |
| |
| Obstruction, Reflux, and Stasis | |
| |
| |
| Pyelonephritis and Urinary Tract Infection | |
| |
| |
| Drugs, Toxins, and Other Causes of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis | |
| |
| |
| Renal Stones | |
| |
| |
| Tumors of the Kidney | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genitalia | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract | |
| |
| |
| Congenital Anomalies | |
| |
| |
| Urinary Obstruction, Reflux, and Stasis | |
| |
| |
| Infection and Inflammation | |
| |
| |
| Neoplasms | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Male Genitalia | |
| |
| |
| Erectile Dysfunction and Infertility | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Penis and Urethra | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Scrotum and Groin | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Testis and Epididymis | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Prostate | |
| |
| |
| Sexually Transmitted Disease | |
| |
| |
| Syphilis | |
| |
| |
| Gonorrhea | |
| |
| |
| Nongonococcal Urethritis | |
| |
| |
| Genital Herpes and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Female Genital Tract and Breast | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Female Genital Tract | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| The Pituitary-Ovarian Cycle | |
| |
| |
| Ovulation | |
| |
| |
| The Menstrual Cycle | |
| |
| |
| Menopause | |
| |
| |
| Sexually Transmitted Disease | |
| |
| |
| Vaginitis and Other Vaginal Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Vulvar Disease | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Cervix | |
| |
| |
| Ectropion, Polyps, and Cervicitis | |
| |
| |
| Dysplasia and Carcinoma of the Cervix | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Endometrium and Myometrium | |
| |
| |
| Abnormal Endometrial Bleeding | |
| |
| |
| Endometriosis | |
| |
| |
| Endometrial Polyps, Hyperplasia, and Adenocarcinoma | |
| |
| |
| Other Conditions of the Uterus and Pelvis | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Fallopian Tube | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Ovary | |
| |
| |
| Nonneoplastic Ovarian Cysts | |
| |
| |
| Tumors of the Ovary | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Reproduction | |
| |
| |
| Infertility | |
| |
| |
| Ectopic Pregnancy and Abortion | |
| |
| |
| Placental Disease | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Breast | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| Inflammatory Disease | |
| |
| |
| Fibrocystic Change | |
| |
| |
| Benign Tumors | |
| |
| |
| Breast Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Types of Breast Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Factors Affecting the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Prognostic Factors for Patients with Breast Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Clinical Presentation and Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Diagnosis and Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Male Breast | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Bones, Joints, and Skeletal Muscle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Bone | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| Skeletal Deformities and Disorders of Bone Growth | |
| |
| |
| Fractures | |
| |
| |
| Bone Infection | |
| |
| |
| Bone Infarct | |
| |
| |
| Osteoporosis | |
| |
| |
| Osteomalacia | |
| |
| |
| Bone Tumors | |
| |
| |
| Bone-forming Tumors | |
| |
| |
| Cartilage-forming Tumors | |
| |
| |
| Fibrous Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Other Tumors of Bone | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Joints and Related Tissues | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| Osteoarthritis | |
| |
| |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
| |
| |
| Spondyloarthropathies | |
| |
| |
| Other Types of Arthritis | |
| |
| |
| Injuries to Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints | |
| |
| |
| Periarticular Pain Syndromes | |
| |
| |
| Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Joints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Skeletal Muscle | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| Muscle Atrophy | |
| |
| |
| Muscular Dystrophy | |
| |
| |
| Myositis and Myopathy | |
| |
| |
| Myasthenia Gravis | |
| |
| |
| Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of Soft Tissue | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| The Central Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Vascular Supply | |
| |
| |
| The Peripheral Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| The Autonomic Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Cells of the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Nerve Cell Connections and Signals | |
| |
| |
| Congenital and Perinatal Disease | |
| |
| |
| Increased Intracranial Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Intracranial Hemorrhage | |
| |
| |
| Bleeding on the Surface of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Bleeding Directly Into the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Ischemia and Infarction | |
| |
| |
| Brain and Spinal Cord Trauma | |
| |
| |
| Infections of the Central Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Infections of the Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
| |
| |
| Infections of Brain Parenchyma | |
| |
| |
| Degenerative Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Degenerative Diseases of Gray Matter | |
| |
| |
| Degenerative Diseases of White Matter | |
| |
| |
| Metabolic and Toxic Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Neoplasms | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Peripheral Nerves | |
| |
| |
| Neuropathies | |
| |
| |
| Neoplasms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Skin | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonneoplastic Diseases of Skin | |
| |
| |
| The Uniqueness of Skin Disease | |
| |
| |
| General Conditions of Skin | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Sunlight | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of Hair Growth | |
| |
| |
| The Skin in Systemic Disease | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Epidermis | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of Pigmentation | |
| |
| |
| Other Diseases of the Epidermis | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Basement Membrane Zone | |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Dermis | |
| |
| |
| Noncontact Dermatitis | |
| |
| |
| Contact Dermatitis | |
| |
| |
| Inflammatory Diseases of Subcuticular Fat | |
| |
| |
| Acne | |
| |
| |
| Infections and Infestations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neoplasms of Skin | |
| |
| |
| Tumors of the Epidermis | |
| |
| |
| Keratoses | |
| |
| |
| Malignant Tumors of the Epidermis | |
| |
| |
| Tumors of Subepidermal Tissue | |
| |
| |
| Tumors of Melanocytes | |
| |
| |
| Nevi | |
| |
| |
| Malignant Melanoma | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Eye and Ear | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Eye | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| The Anterior Segment | |
| |
| |
| The Posterior Segment | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of Alignment and Movement | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of Refraction | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Orbit | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Sclera, and Lacrimal Apparatus | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Cornea | |
| |
| |
| Cataract | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Uveal Tract | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous Humor | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Optic Nerve | |
| |
| |
| Glaucoma | |
| |
| |
| Neoplasms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of the Ear | |
| |
| |
| Back to Basics | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the External Ear | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Middle Ear | |
| |
| |
| Disorders of the Inner Ear | |
| |
| |
| Deafness | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Index of Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| Index | |