| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Mathematics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction and Arithmetic Pretest | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Arithmetic Pretest | |
| |
| |
| |
| Numerals and Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Arabic and Roman Numerals | |
| |
| |
| Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Relative Values of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Addition of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Subtraction of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| The Process of Cancellation | |
| |
| |
| Multiplication of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Division of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Decimal Fractions and Percents | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Decimal Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Reading and Writing Decimal Fractions | |
| |
| |
| Expressing a Common Fraction as a Decimal Fraction | |
| |
| |
| Expressing a Decimal Fraction as a Common Fraction | |
| |
| |
| Addition of Decimals | |
| |
| |
| Subtraction of Decimals | |
| |
| |
| Multiplication of Decimals | |
| |
| |
| Division of Decimals | |
| |
| |
| Percentage | |
| |
| |
| Determining Quantity If a Percent Is Given | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ratio and Proportion | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Ratio | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Proportion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temperature Equivalents | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Mathematical Formulas to Convert Temperature | |
| |
| |
| Using the Proportional Method to Convert Temperature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculations Of Doses And Solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Metric System | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Metric System Guidelines | |
| |
| |
| The Language of the Metric System | |
| |
| |
| Fundamental Units | |
| |
| |
| Conversion | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Dosage According to Kilogram of Body Weight | |
| |
| |
| |
| Household Measures and Apothecaries' Measurements | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Household Measures | |
| |
| |
| Household Abbreviations and Equivalents | |
| |
| |
| Proportional Method for Converting Household Measurements | |
| |
| |
| Apothecaries' Measurements | |
| |
| |
| Proportional Method for Converting Apothecaries' Equivalents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Adult Dosages: Oral Forms | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Oral Dosages Using the Proportional Method | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Oral Dosages Using the Formula Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Adult Dosages: Parenteral Forms | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Parenteral Dosages Using the Proportional Method | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Parenteral Dosages Using the Formula Method | |
| |
| |
| Medications Measured in Units | |
| |
| |
| Insulin | |
| |
| |
| How to Calculate Unit Dosages | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Intravenous Drip Rate | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Children's Dosages | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Administering Pediatric Medications | |
| |
| |
| Calculating Dosage per Kilogram of Body Weight | |
| |
| |
| Body Surface Area (BSA) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Administration Of Medications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drug Sources, Standards, and Dosages | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Drug Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Drug References/Standards | |
| |
| |
| Drug Dosage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Forms of Drugs and How They Act | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Forms of Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Classification of Drugs/Therapeutic Action | |
| |
| |
| Principal Actions of Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Undersirable Actions of Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Factors That Affect Drug Action | |
| |
| |
| Loss of Drug Potency | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Medication Order | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Types of Medication Orders | |
| |
| |
| Medication Record Forms | |
| |
| |
| The Medication Label | |
| |
| |
| Time Schedule for Routine Medicines | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Principles for the Administration of Medications | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Nursing Process | |
| |
| |
| Legal Implications | |
| |
| |
| Standard Precautions | |
| |
| |
| Safety Measures for Drug Administration | |
| |
| |
| Safe Storage of Medications | |
| |
| |
| Reactions to Medications | |
| |
| |
| Medication Error | |
| |
| |
| |
| Administration of Nonparenteral Medications | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Oral Medications | |
| |
| |
| Equipment and Supplies | |
| |
| |
| Administration of Oral Medications | |
| |
| |
| Administration of Ophthalmic Medications | |
| |
| |
| Administration of Otic Medications | |
| |
| |
| Administration of Nasal Medications | |
| |
| |
| Administration of Rectal Medications | |
| |
| |
| Special Delivery Medications | |
| |
| |
| Administering Drugs by Inhalation | |
| |
| |
| Administration of Oxygen | |
| |
| |
| Methods of Oxygen Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Oxygen Safety Precautions | |
| |
| |
| Administering Drugs by Local Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parenteral Equipment and Supplies | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Parts of a Syringe | |
| |
| |
| Classification of Syringes | |
| |
| |
| Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings | |
| |
| |
| Measuring Medication in a Syringe | |
| |
| |
| Hypodermic Needles | |
| |
| |
| Preparing Equipment and Supplies for an Injection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Administration of Parenteral Medications | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Advantages of the Parenteral Route | |
| |
| |
| Disadvantages of the Parenteral Route | |
| |
| |
| Preparing the Client for an Injection | |
| |
| |
| Client Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Site Selection | |
| |
| |
| Marking the Correct Site for Intramuscular Injection | |
| |
| |
| Basic Guidelines for the Administration of Injections | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations for the Administration of Insulin and Heparin | |
| |
| |
| Injection Log | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drugs And Related Substances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drugs Used to Counteract Infections | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Deadly Infections | |
| |
| |
| Treatment of Infectious Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Major Antibiotic Groupings | |
| |
| |
| Macrolides | |
| |
| |
| Quinolones | |
| |
| |
| Monobactams | |
| |
| |
| Oxazolidinones | |
| |
| |
| Streptogramins | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Antibiotics | |
| |
| |
| Anthelmintics | |
| |
| |
| Antiprotozoal Agents | |
| |
| |
| Antiseptics and Disinfectants | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Antifungal, Antiviral, and Immunizing Agents | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Antifungal Agents | |
| |
| |
| Antiviral Agents | |
| |
| |
| Antiretroviral Agents | |
| |
| |
| Immunization | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Antineoplastic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Chemotherapy with Antineoplastic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Care of Chemotherapy Clients | |
| |
| |
| Classification of Antineoplastic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Combination Chemotherapy | |
| |
| |
| Other Forms of Treatment for Cancer | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vitamins and Minerals | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Food Guide Pyramid | |
| |
| |
| Antioxidants | |
| |
| |
| Phytochemicals | |
| |
| |
| Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| Minerals | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Psychotropic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Antianxiety Agents | |
| |
| |
| Antidepressant Agents | |
| |
| |
| Antimanic Agent(s) | |
| |
| |
| Antipsychotic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Substance Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Substances Being Abused | |
| |
| |
| Recognizing Substance Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Substance Abuse in the Workplace | |
| |
| |
| Services Available | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effects of Medications on Body Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications Used for Circulatory System Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Women and Heart Disease | |
| |
| |
| Drugs That Affect the Heart | |
| |
| |
| Vasopressors and Vasodilators | |
| |
| |
| Antihypertensive Agents | |
| |
| |
| Drugs That Affect the Blood | |
| |
| |
| Antianemic Agents Used in Treating Megaloblastic Anemias | |
| |
| |
| Antihyperlipidemic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications That Affect the Respiratory System | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Antihistamines | |
| |
| |
| Decongestants | |
| |
| |
| Antitussives | |
| |
| |
| Expectorants and Mucolytics | |
| |
| |
| Bronchodilators | |
| |
| |
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Blockers) | |
| |
| |
| Anticholinergic Agents | |
| |
| |
| Glucocorticoids | |
| |
| |
| Cromolyn Sodium | |
| |
| |
| Tuberculosis | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications Used for Gastrointestinal System Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Antiulcer Agents | |
| |
| |
| Ulcers and Helicobacter pylori Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| Laxatives | |
| |
| |
| Antidiarrheal Agents | |
| |
| |
| Antiemetics | |
| |
| |
| Emetics | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diuretics and Medications Used for Urinary System Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Diuretics | |
| |
| |
| Urinary Tract Infections (UTI): Cystitis | |
| |
| |
| Urinary Tract Antibacterials | |
| |
| |
| Urinary Tract Antiseptics | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Agents | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications Used in Treatment of Endocrine Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Pituitary | |
| |
| |
| The Thyroid | |
| |
| |
| The Parathyroids | |
| |
| |
| The Adrenals | |
| |
| |
| The Islets of Langerhans | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications Used for Musculoskeletal System Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) | |
| |
| |
| COX-2 Inhibitors | |
| |
| |
| Antitumor Necrosis Factor Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Agents Used to Treat Gout | |
| |
| |
| Skeletal Muscle Relaxants | |
| |
| |
| Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | |
| |
| |
| Skeletal Muscle Stimulants | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications That Affect the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Pain | |
| |
| |
| Analgesics | |
| |
| |
| Analgesic-Antipyretics | |
| |
| |
| Sedatives and Hypnotics | |
| |
| |
| Antiparkinsonian Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Alzheimer's Disease (AD) | |
| |
| |
| Anticonvulsants | |
| |
| |
| Anesthetics | |
| |
| |
| Ophthalmic Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Drugs Used in Vertigo, Motion Sickness, and Vomiting | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medications That Affect the Reproductive System | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Female Hormones | |
| |
| |
| Hormone Replacement Therapy | |
| |
| |
| Oral Contraceptives | |
| |
| |
| Male Hormones | |
| |
| |
| Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery | |
| |
| |
| Web Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers to Practice Problems and Self-Assessments for Sections 1 and 2 | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| General Index | |
| |
| |
| Drug Index | |