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| Preface | |
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| List of Cases | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Four Questions of Ethics | |
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| What Makes Right Acts Right? | |
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| Distinguishing between Evaluative Statements and Statements Presenting Nonevaluative Facts | |
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| Distinguishing between Moral and Nonmoral Evaluations | |
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| Determining Who Ought to Decide | |
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| What Kinds of Acts Are Right? | |
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| Consequentialism | |
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| Nonconsequentialism | |
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| How Do Rules Apply to Specific Situations? | |
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| What Ought to Be Done in Specific Cases? | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Ethics and Values in Nursing | |
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| Values in Health and Illness | |
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| Identifying Evaluations in Nursing | |
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| Identifying Ethical Conflicts | |
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| Benefit to the Patient vs Benefit to Others | |
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| The Rights of the Patient vs the Welfare of the Patient | |
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| Moral Rules and the Nurse's Conscience | |
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| Limits on Rights and Rules | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| The Nurse and Moral Authority | |
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| The Authority of the Profession | |
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| The Authority of the Physician | |
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| The Authority of the Institution | |
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| The Authority of the Health Insurer | |
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| The Authority of Society | |
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| The Authority of the Patient | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Ethical Issues in Nursing | |
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| Benefiting the Patient and Others: The Duty to Produce Good and Avoid Harm | |
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| Benefit to the Patient | |
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| Health Benefits vs Overall Benefits | |
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| Benefiting vs Avoiding Harm | |
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| Act vs Rule Consequentialism | |
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| Benefit to the Institution | |
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| Benefit to Society | |
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| Benefit to Identified Nonclients | |
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| Benefit to the Profession | |
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| Benefit to Oneself and One's Family | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Justice: The Allocation of Health Resources | |
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| The Ethics of Allocating Resources | |
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| Two Meanings of the Word Justice | |
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| Three Ways to Allocate Resources | |
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| Justice Among the Nurse's Patients | |
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| Justice Between Patients and Others | |
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| Justice in Public Policy | |
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| Justice and Other Ethical Principles | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| The Principle of Autonomy | |
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| Internal Constraints on Autonomy | |
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| External Constraints on Autonomy | |
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| Overriding Autonomy | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Veracity | |
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| The Condition of Doubt | |
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| Duties and Consequences in Truth-Telling | |
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| Lying and Patient Well-Being | |
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| Lying and the Well-Being of Others | |
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| Complications in Truth-Telling | |
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| When the Patient Asks Not to Tell | |
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| When the Family Asks Not to Tell | |
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| The Right to Health Records | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Fidelity | |
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| Promise-Keeping | |
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| Confidentiality | |
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| When the Patient May Be Harmed | |
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| When Others May Be Harmed | |
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| When Required by Law | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| The Sanctity of Human Life | |
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| Actions and Omissions | |
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| Criteria for Justifiable Omission | |
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| Withholding and Withdrawing | |
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| Direct and Indirect Killing | |
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| Voluntary and Involuntary Killing | |
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| Is Withholding Food and Water Killing? | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Special Problem Areas in Nursing Practice | |
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| Abortion, Contraception, and Sterilization | |
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| Abortion | |
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| Contraception | |
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| Sterilization | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Genetics, Birth, and the Biological Revolution | |
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| Genetic Counseling | |
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| Genetic Screening | |
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| InVitro Fertilization and Artificial Insemination | |
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| Genetic Engineering | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Psychiatry and the Control of Human Behavior | |
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| Psychotherapy | |
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| The Concept of Mental Health | |
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| Mental Illness and Autonomous Behavior | |
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| Mental Illness and Third-Party Interests | |
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| Other Behavior-Controlling Therapies | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| HIV/AIDS Care | |
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| Conflict Between Rights and Duties | |
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| Screening/Testing for HIV | |
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| Balancing Confidentiality Protection and the Duty to Warn | |
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| The Rights of HIV-Infected Individuals | |
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| Conflicts Involving the Cost of Treatment and Allocation of Resources | |
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| Research on HIV | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Experimentation on Human Beings | |
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| Calculating Risks and Benefits | |
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| Protecting Privacy | |
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| Equity in Research | |
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| Informed Consent in Research | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Consent and the Right to Refuse Treatment | |
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| The Right to Refuse Treatment | |
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| The Elements and Standards of Consent | |
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| Comprehension and Voluntariness | |
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| Consent for Incompetents | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| The Definition of Death | |
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| Competent and Formerly Competent Patients | |
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| Treating against the Wishes of the Patient | |
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| The Patient in Conflict with the Physician and the Family | |
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| The Problem of the Ambivalent Patient | |
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| Never-Competent Patients and Those Who Have Never | |
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| Expressed Their Wishes | |
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| How Much Discretion Should Family Have? | |
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| Nonfamily Surrogates | |
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| Futile Care | |
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| Limits Based on the Interests of Other Patients | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Glossary | |