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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Commonly Used Frequency Measures in Health Care | |
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| Introduction to Frequency Distributions | |
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| Ratios, Proportions, and Rates | |
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| Population-Based Mortality Measures | |
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| Frequently Used Measures of Morbidity | |
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| Relative Measures of Disease Frequency | |
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| Kaplan Meier Survival Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Graphic Display of Data | |
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| Construction of Tables | |
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| Charts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Introduction to Measurement | |
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| What Is Measurement? | |
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| Validity | |
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| Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value of a Measure | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Timeliness | |
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| Scales of Measurement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency and Variability | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Measures of Variability | |
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| Calculating Measures of Central Tendency and Variability Using SPSS | |
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| Dichotomous Data | |
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| Grouped Frequency Distributions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| The Normal Distribution and Statistical Inference | |
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| Characteristics of the Normal Distribution | |
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| The Standard Normal Distribution (z Distribution) | |
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| Statistical Inference | |
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| Central Limit Theorem | |
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| Standard Error of the Mean | |
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| Confidence Intervals | |
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| Sampling Methods | |
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| Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance | |
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| Level of Significance | |
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| The p Value | |
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| Sample Size and Interpretation of Statistical Significance | |
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| Using Computer Software To Solve Problems | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Hypothesis Testing of the Difference between Two Population Means | |
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| The Standard Normal Distribution and the z Test for Comparing Population Means | |
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| The z Test for Comparing Two Population Proportions | |
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| The t Test | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Analysis of Variance | |
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| Analysis of Variance | |
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| F Test | |
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| ANOVA in the Three-Sample Case | |
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| Statistical Power | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Correlation and Linear Regression | |
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| Characteristics of Pearson r | |
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| Calculation of the Pearson r | |
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| Introduction to Linear Regression | |
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| Interpretation of the Standard Error of the Estimate | |
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| Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Coefficient of Determination | |
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| F Test | |
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| Regression Model for Length of Stay and Total Charges | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Chi Square | |
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| Chi-Square (X[superscript 2]) Tests | |
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| The X[superscript 2] Test of Independence | |
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| Examination of Residuals | |
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| Yates Correction for Continuity | |
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| Phi Coefficient | |
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| Contingency Coefficient | |
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| Cramer's V | |
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| Fisher's Exact Test | |
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| X[superscript 2] Goodness of Fit | |
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| X[superscript 2] Test for Paired Data--McNemar Test | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Nonparametric Methods | |
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| The Spearman Rho Rank Order Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Location Tests for Single and Paired Samples | |
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| Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon Test | |
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| Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Statistical Tables | |
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| Frequency Distribution of Discharges by DRG Critical Care Hospital, 1997: An Index to the Number of Cases per DRG | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |