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Preface | |
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Preparing for Social Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Overview | |
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Why Use a Computer? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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Review Questions | |
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The Theory and Process of Social Research | |
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Theories and Concepts: Deprivation Theory | |
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Hypotheses and Variables: Religiosity | |
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Social Resrach Strategies: Inductive and Deductive | |
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Political Orientations | |
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Attitudes Toward Abortion | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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Review Questions | |
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The Logic of Measurement | |
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Validity Problems | |
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Reliability Problems | |
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Validity and Reliability | |
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Multiple Indicators | |
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Levels of Measurement | |
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Measurement and Information | |
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Measurement Options | |
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Classifying Variables as Discrete or Continuous | |
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Conclustion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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Review Questions | |
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Getting Started | |
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Description of Your Data Sets | |
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Sampling | |
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Data Collection | |
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The Codebook: Appendix A | |
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Demo.Sav | |
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Exer.Sav | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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Review Questions | |
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Using SPSS | |
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Starting an SPSS Session | |
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Becoming Aquainted with the SPSS Data Editor | |
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Data View Portion of the Data Editor - Menu bar | |
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Getting Help | |
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Tool Bar | |
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Dialog Boxes | |
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Scroll Bars - Moving Through the Data Editor | |
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Entering Data - A Preview | |
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Loading a Data Set | |
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Raw Data in Data View - Respondents and Columns | |
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Finding Variable Information - Values and Labels | |
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Variable View Tab | |
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Windows Options - Minimizing and Reducing | |
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Ending Your SPSS Session | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 5.1 | |
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Univariate Analysis | |
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Describing Your Data: Religiosity | |
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Opening a Frequently Used Data File | |
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Setting Options: Variable Lists and Output Labels | |
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Frequency Distributions | |
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The SPSS Viewer - Output | |
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Navigating Through the Viewer | |
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Reading Frequency Distributions | |
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Frequency Distributions: Running Two or More Variables at One Time | |
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Descriptive Statistics - Basic Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion | |
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The Frequencies Procedure | |
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The Descriptives Procedure - Calculating Descriptive Statistics for Continuous Variables | |
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Modifying Variables With Recode | |
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Recoding AGE - Example 2 | |
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Printing Your Output - Viewer | |
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Adding Headers and Footers | |
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Saving Your Output (Viewer) | |
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Saving Changes to Your Data Set | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Excercise 6.1 | |
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Presenting Your Data in Graphic Form: Political Orientations | |
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Frequency Table - POLVIEWS | |
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Bar Chart - POLVIEWS | |
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SPSS Chart Editor | |
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Recoding POLVIEWS- POLREC | |
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Bar Chart - POLREC | |
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Frequency Table - PARTYID | |
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Pie Chart | |
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Recoding PARTYID - PARTY | |
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Pie Chart - PARTY | |
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Histogram - AGE | |
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Line Chart - INCOME98 | |
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Some Guidelines for Choosing a Chart or Graph | |
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Saving and Printing Your Charts | |
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Saving Your Recoded Variables | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 7.1 | |
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Exploring Attitudes Towards Abortion With Frequencies and Crosstabs | |
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Identifying the Seven Abortion Variables - File Info | |
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Running Frequencies for Several Variables at Once | |
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Producing Crosstabs | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 8.1 | |
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Creating Composite Measures: Exploring Attitudes Toward Abortion in More Depth | |
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Index - A Form of Composite Measure | |
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ABORT Index | |
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ABORT Index Scores | |
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ABORT Index | |
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Defining ABORT | |
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Checking New Index - Comparing Scores on Old and New Variables | |
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Running Frequencies for ABORT | |
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Validating ABORT | |
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ABINDEX - Index Based on Six Abortion Variables | |
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ABINDEX | |
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Running Frequencies | |
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Validating ABINDEX | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 9.1 | |
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Suggestions for Further Analysis | |
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Desired Family Size | |
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Respondents' Ideal Family Size (CHLDIDEL) | |
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Child Training | |
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Important Qualities for Children | |
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Attitudes About Sexual Behavior | |
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Index of Sexual Permissiveness | |
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Prejudice | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 10.1 | |
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Bivariate Analysis | |
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Examining the Sources of Religiosity | |
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The Deprivation Theory of Religiosity | |
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Testing Our Hypothesis Correlating Religiosity and Gender | |
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Running Crosstabs to Test Our Hypothesis | |
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Interpreting Crosstabs | |
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Interpreting Crosstabs: Association, Strength, Direction | |
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Interpreting a Crosstab with Limited Categories | |
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Correlating Another Measure of Religiosity and Gender | |
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Writing Box 11.1 | |
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Drawing Conclusions Carefully: Reassessing Our Original Hypothesis | |
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Interpreting A Crosstab With Ordinal Variables - Religiosity and Age | |
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Correlatin Other Measures of Religiosity and Age | |
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Epsilon | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 11.1 | |
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Political Orentations as Cause and as Effect | |
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The Relationship Between Polviews and Partyid | |
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Polrec by Party | |
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Party by Polrec | |
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Age and Politics | |
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Polrec and Agecat | |
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Party by Agecat | |
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Religion and Politics | |
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Demonstration 12.5 | |
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Demonstration 12.6 | |
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Gender and Politics | |
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PARTY and POLREC by SEX | |
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Race and Politics | |
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POLREC by RACE | |
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PARTY by RACE | |
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Education and Politics | |
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Recoding EDUC - EDCAT | |
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POLREC by EDCAT | |
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Party by EDCAT | |
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Some Surprises - Class, Marital Status, and Politics | |
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Social Class | |
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Marital Status | |
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The Impact of Party and Political Philosophy | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 12.1 | |
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What Causes Different Attitudes Toward Abortion? | |
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Gender and Abortion | |
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Age and Abortion | |
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Religion and Abortion | |
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Demonstration 13.4 | |
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Sexual Attitudes and Abortion | |
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Other Factors You Can Explore on Your Own | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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Measures of Association | |
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The Logic of Statistical Association: Proportionate Reduction of Error (PRE) | |
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Lambda: A Measure Appropriate for Nominal Variables | |
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Gamma: A Measure Appropriate for Ordinal Variables | |
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Pearson's r: A Measure Appropriate for I/R Variables | |
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Requesting Several Correlation Coefficients | |
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Regression | |
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Additional Measures of Association | |
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Analyzing the Association Between Variables at Different Levels of Measurement | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 14.1 | |
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Tests of Significance | |
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Statistical Significance | |
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Significance Tests: Part of the Larger Body of Inferential Statistics | |
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Statistical Significance Versus Measures of Association | |
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Chi-Square | |
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Significance and Association | |
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Tests | |
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Analysis of Variance | |
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A Statistical Toolbox: A Summary | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 15.1 | |
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Suggestions for Further Bivariate Analyses | |
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Desired Family Size | |
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Child Training | |
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Attitudes About Sexual Behavior | |
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Prejudice | |
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Additional Resources | |
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Conclusions | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 16.1 | |
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Multivariate Analysis | |
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Multiple Causation: Examining Religiosity in Greater Depth | |
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Multiple Causation | |
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Chi-square and Measure of Association | |
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Multiple Regression | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 17.1 | |
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Dissecting the Political Factor | |
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Political Philosophy and Party Identification | |
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Controlling for Education | |
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The Mystery of Politics and Marital Status | |
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Political Issues | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 18.1 | |
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A Powerful Prediction of Attitudes Toward Abortion | |
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Religion and Abortion | |
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Religious Affiliation and Church Attendance | |
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Religious Affiliation, Church Attendance, and Abortion | |
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Politics (POLREC and PARTY) and Abortion (ABORT) | |
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The Interaction of Religion and Politics on Abortion Attitudes | |
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Constructing an Index of Ideological Traditionalism | |
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Sexual Attitudes and Abortion | |
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Recode PREMARSX and HOMOSEX | |
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The Relationship Between Sexual Permissiveness and IND | |
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Exploring the Relationship Further | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercises 19.1 | |
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Suggestions for Further Multivariate Analysis | |
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Ideal Family Size and Abortion | |
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Child Training | |
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The Protestant Ethic | |
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Prejudice | |
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The Relationship Between RACDIF4, RACMAR, and RACPUSH | |
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Controlling for RACE | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 20.1 | |
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The Adventure Continues | |
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Designing and Executing Your Own Survey | |
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The Social Research Process and Proposal | |
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Designing and Executing Your Own Survey | |
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Sample Questionnaire | |
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Getting Ready for Data Analysis Using SPSS | |
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Defining Your Data | |
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Editing and Coding Your Data | |
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Entering Your Data | |
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Writing a Research Report | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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SPSS Lab Exercise 21.1 | |
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Further Opportunities for Social Research | |
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The Unabridged GSS | |
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Other Data Sets | |
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Other Computer Programs | |
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Conclusion | |
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Main Points | |
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Key Terms | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Review Questions | |
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Appendices | |
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Codebook | |
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Answers to Selected SPSS Lab Exercises | |
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Sample Questionnaire for Class Survey | |
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The Research Report | |
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The Research Proposal | |
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SPSS Survey Tips | |
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SPSS Commands Introduced in This Book | |
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Readings | |
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Index/Glossary | |