Preface | p. xix |
Introduction: Managing the Organization | p. 1 |
Managerial Acts | p. 1 |
Managerial Functions | p. 2 |
Planning | p. 2 |
Organizing | p. 2 |
Directing | p. 3 |
Coordinating | p. 3 |
Controlling | p. 3 |
Summary of Management Functions | p. 4 |
The Successful Manager | p. 4 |
Characteristics | p. 4 |
Leadership | p. 5 |
Time Management | p. 6 |
Time Management Tips | p. 6 |
General Security Management | p. 9 |
General Principles of Organization | p. 11 |
Organization Principles | p. 11 |
Logical Division of Work | p. 12 |
Clear Lines of Authority and Responsibility | p. 14 |
Span of Control | p. 14 |
Unity of Command | p. 16 |
Responsibility, Authority, and Accountability | p. 17 |
Coordination to Meet Organizational Goals | p. 18 |
Where Security Fits in the Organizational Structure | p. 19 |
The Changing Role of Security | p. 19 |
Security's Contribution to Profits | p. 20 |
To Whom Does Security Report? | p. 20 |
The Difference Between Corporate and Company Security | p. 20 |
Summary | p. 24 |
Review Questions | p. 24 |
Organizational Structure | p. 25 |
The Informal Organization | p. 26 |
Subunit Structures | p. 29 |
Corporate Culture | p. 31 |
Summary | p. 31 |
Review Questions | p. 32 |
Security's Role in the Organization | p. 33 |
The Protective Service Role | p. 33 |
Special Services | p. 35 |
Executive's Home Security Survey | p. 35 |
Investigative Assistance | p. 36 |
Bodyguard/Escort Service | p. 37 |
Emergency Service | p. 37 |
Educational Services | p. 38 |
General Security Programs | p. 39 |
Supervisory Training Sessions | p. 39 |
Employee Self-Protection Programs | p. 39 |
Unit or Departmental Presentations | p. 40 |
Management Services | p. 40 |
Summary | p. 41 |
Review Questions | p. 41 |
The Director's Role | p. 43 |
The Security Director as a Leader | p. 44 |
As a Company Executive | p. 44 |
As an Executive with High Visibility | p. 44 |
As an Executive with a Broad Profile | p. 45 |
As an Innovator | p. 46 |
As a Counselor and Advisor | p. 47 |
As a Trainer | p. 48 |
As a Contemporary Professional | p. 49 |
As a Goal Setter and Strategic Planner | p. 50 |
The New Security Director | p. 51 |
Summary | p. 52 |
Review Questions | p. 52 |
The Security Supervisor's Role | p. 53 |
The Supervisor as an Inspector | p. 53 |
The Supervisor and the Individual Employee | p. 54 |
Supervisory Authority | p. 55 |
The Supervisor as the "In-Between" Man | p. 56 |
The Supervisor's Span of Control | p. 56 |
One Boss | p. 57 |
Automatic Shifting in the Line of Command | p. 58 |
Functional or Staff Supervision | p. 58 |
Supervisory Training | p. 59 |
Summary | p. 60 |
Review Questions | p. 60 |
The Individual Security Employee | p. 61 |
Standards of Conduct | p. 62 |
Courtesy | p. 62 |
Responsibility | p. 63 |
Due Process | p. 63 |
Cooperation | p. 64 |
Personal Integrity | p. 65 |
Attitude | p. 67 |
Summary | p. 68 |
Review Questions | p. 68 |
Security Personnel Management | p. 69 |
Hiring Security Personnel | p. 71 |
Hiring | p. 73 |
Recruiting | p. 73 |
Initial Interviewing | p. 75 |
Secondary Interviewing | p. 78 |
Selection of Best Candidate | p. 79 |
Background Investigation of Applicant | p. 79 |
Job Offer | p. 81 |
Summary | p. 81 |
Review Questions | p. 81 |
Job Descriptions | p. 83 |
Accuracy and Completeness in Describing the Job | p. 83 |
Matching Applicant to the Job | p. 84 |
Employee's Understanding of the Job | p. 85 |
Matching Training to Job Description | p. 85 |
Performance Evaluations Based on Job Descriptions | p. 86 |
Job Descriptions Are Current | p. 87 |
Composition of the Job Description | p. 87 |
Sample Job Description | p. 88 |
Summary | p. 90 |
Review Questions | p. 90 |
Training | p. 91 |
Shortcomings of Typical "Training" | p. 91 |
Training Defined | p. 93 |
On-the-Job Training | p. 93 |
Structuring the OJT Experience | p. 93 |
The On-the-Job Trainer | p. 94 |
Formal or Structured Training | p. 94 |
POP Formula: Policy, Objective, Procedure | p. 95 |
Detailed Expansion of Procedure | p. 96 |
Training as Ongoing Responsibility | p. 97 |
Types of Security Training Programs | p. 98 |
In-Service General Seminars | p. 98 |
Interrogation Workshop | p. 99 |
Testifying in Court Seminar | p. 99 |
Report Writing Workshop | p. 99 |
Supervisory Training | p. 99 |
Meeting Organizational Needs | p. 99 |
Security Manual | p. 100 |
Summary | p. 100 |
Review Questions | p. 101 |
Discipline | p. 103 |
The Supervisor's Role in Discipline | p. 104 |
Disciplinary Problems Arising from Misunderstood Assignments | p. 105 |
Basic Rules of the Disciplinary Process | p. 106 |
Progressive Discipline | p. 109 |
Self-Discipline | p. 110 |
Self-Discipline and Vanity | p. 110 |
Self-Discipline and Temper | p. 110 |
Self-Discipline and Arguments | p. 110 |
Self-Discipline and Personal Likes and Dislikes | p. 111 |
Self-Discipline and Work Habits | p. 111 |
Self-Discipline and Humility | p. 111 |
Summary | p. 111 |
Review Questions | p. 112 |
Motivation and Morale | p. 113 |
"Theory X" and "Theory Y" | p. 113 |
Organizational Behavior | p. 114 |
The Autocratic Theory | p. 114 |
The Custodial Theory | p. 115 |
The Supportive Theory | p. 115 |
Work Motivation Theory | p. 116 |
Responsibility as a Motivator | p. 117 |
Achievement as a Motivator | p. 118 |
Recognition of Achievement as a Motivator | p. 118 |
Growth as a Motivator | p. 118 |
Advancement as a Motivator | p. 119 |
Demotivators | p. 119 |
Summary | p. 122 |
Review Questions | p. 123 |
Promotions | p. 125 |
Identifying Promotional Candidates | p. 125 |
The Candidate's Educational Achievements | p. 126 |
The Candidate's Track Record | p. 126 |
Anticipated Performance in the Higher-Level Job | p. 127 |
Selection of the Right Candidate | p. 128 |
The Board Interview | p. 129 |
Following the Selection | p. 129 |
Promotion from "Within" | p. 130 |
Vertical Promotion Outside the Department | p. 130 |
Advantages of Multiple Layers | p. 131 |
"Temporary" Promotions | p. 131 |
"Retreating" | p. 132 |
Summary | p. 133 |
Review Questions | p. 133 |
Communication | p. 135 |
Types of Communication | p. 135 |
Verbal-Down | p. 135 |
Verbal-Up | p. 136 |
Written-Down | p. 136 |
Written-Horizontal | p. 138 |
Written-Up | p. 139 |
Verbal-Horizontal | p. 140 |
Action | p. 141 |
About Listening | p. 142 |
Summary | p. 143 |
Review Questions | p. 143 |
Career vs. Noncareer Personnel | p. 145 |
Career Personnel | p. 146 |
Advantages of Career Personnel | p. 146 |
Disadvantages of Career Personnel | p. 147 |
Part-Time Noncareer Personnel | p. 148 |
Advantages of Part-Time Noncareer Personnel | p. 148 |
Disadvantages of Part-Time Noncareer Personnel | p. 149 |
Contractual Noncareer Personnel | p. 150 |
Advantages of Contractual Noncareer Personnel | p. 150 |
Disadvantages of Contractual Noncareer Personnel | p. 151 |
Combining Career and Noncareer Personnel | p. 152 |
Summary | p. 153 |
Review Questions | p. 153 |
Operational Management | p. 155 |
Planning and Budgeting | p. 157 |
What Is a Budget? | p. 157 |
Why Do We Have a Budget? | p. 159 |
When Is a Budget Prepared? | p. 159 |
Who Participates in the Budgeting Process? | p. 160 |
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Process | p. 161 |
How Is a Budget Prepared? | p. 162 |
Salary Expense Budget | p. 162 |
Sundry Expense Budget | p. 168 |
Justifying the Security Budget | p. 170 |
Summary | p. 172 |
Review Questions | p. 173 |
Program Management | p. 175 |
The Inspection Process | p. 175 |
Support of Senior Management | p. 176 |
Continuous Inspections | p. 177 |
Formal or Informal Inspections | p. 177 |
Structured or Unstructured Inspections | p. 177 |
Who Conducts the Inspection? | p. 178 |
Assessment of Risks and Countermeasures | p. 180 |
Risk Assessment | p. 180 |
Selection of Countermeasures | p. 181 |
Assessment of Countermeasures | p. 184 |
Inspecting for Compliance with Procedures | p. 185 |
Statistics in Program Management | p. 186 |
Summary | p. 188 |
Review Questions | p. 189 |
Risk Analysis | p. 191 |
What Is Risk? | p. 191 |
What Is Risk Analysis? | p. 191 |
What Is a Risk Assessment Analysis? | p. 192 |
What Can Risk Analysis Do for Management? | p. 192 |
The Role of Management in Risk Analysis | p. 193 |
Risk Exposure Assessment | p. 194 |
Risk Identification | p. 195 |
Examples of the Problems of Identification | p. 197 |
Security Checklist | p. 198 |
Review Questions | p. 199 |
The Security Survey | p. 201 |
Why Are Security Surveys Necessary? | p. 201 |
Who Needs Security Surveys? | p. 202 |
Attitude of Business Toward Security | p. 204 |
What Can a Security Survey Accomplish? | p. 205 |
Why the Need for a Security Professional? | p. 206 |
How Do You Sell Security to Management? | p. 207 |
Review Questions | p. 209 |
Office Administration | p. 211 |
Description of Functions | p. 212 |
Supervision | p. 212 |
Secretarial | p. 212 |
Reception | p. 214 |
Clerical | p. 215 |
Records | p. 215 |
Mail | p. 219 |
Office Security | p. 219 |
The Office Environment | p. 220 |
Summary | p. 220 |
Review Questions | p. 221 |
Written Policies and Procedures | p. 223 |
Historical Evolution | p. 223 |
Benefits | p. 225 |
Consistency in Performance | p. 225 |
Reduction of Decision-Making Time | p. 225 |
Enhancement of Controls | p. 226 |
Provision for Objective Performance Evaluation | p. 226 |
Compliance | p. 226 |
Combining Policies and Procedures | p. 227 |
Free-Standing Policies | p. 229 |
Importance of the Written Policy | p. 229 |
Policies, Procedures, and the Security Manual | p. 230 |
Format and Mechanics | p. 231 |
Post Orders | p. 233 |
Summary | p. 233 |
Review Questions | p. 233 |
Computers and Security Management | p. 235 |
Historical Overview | p. 236 |
Microcomputer Hardware | p. 238 |
Central Processing Unit | p. 239 |
Memory | p. 239 |
Peripherals | p. 241 |
Networks | p. 241 |
Microcomputer Software | p. 243 |
System Software | p. 243 |
Applications Software | p. 244 |
Word Processing | p. 244 |
Database Management | p. 246 |
Spreadsheets | p. 247 |
Desktop Publishing | p. 247 |
Computer Graphics | p. 248 |
Business Presentation Graphics | p. 248 |
Computer-Aided Design | p. 248 |
Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems | p. 249 |
Image Processing | p. 249 |
Telecommunications | p. 250 |
Electronic Mail | p. 250 |
Voice Mail | p. 251 |
Teleconferencing | p. 252 |
World Wide Web | p. 252 |
On-line Services | p. 254 |
Intranets | p. 255 |
Specialized Management Programs | p. 255 |
Monitoring and Controlling Integrated Security Systems | p. 255 |
Central Station Monitoring | p. 257 |
Artificial Intelligence | p. 258 |
Choosing the Right Software | p. 260 |
Benefits of Microcomputers | p. 261 |
Risks of Microcomputers | p. 263 |
Summary | p. 265 |
Review Questions | p. 266 |
Acknowledgments | p. 266 |
Additional Readings | p. 266 |
Glossary | p. 268 |
Public Relations | p. 277 |
Selling Security Within the Organization | p. 279 |
How to Sell Security | p. 280 |
Security First | p. 280 |
New Employee Inductions | p. 280 |
More Audio-Visuals | p. 281 |
Executive Orientations | p. 282 |
Security Tours | p. 283 |
Bulletins | p. 283 |
Meetings | p. 284 |
Involvement Programs | p. 285 |
Summary | p. 286 |
Review Questions | p. 286 |
Relationship with Law Enforcement | p. 287 |
Services of the Public Sector | p. 288 |
Provide Information on Individual Criminal Histories | p. 288 |
Provide Information on Possible Criminal Attacks | p. 289 |
Provide Traffic Control Support for Special Events | p. 290 |
Accept and Process Crime Reports | p. 290 |
Coordinate with Security on Special Enforcement Projects | p. 291 |
Coordinate with Security on Major or Important Investigations | p. 291 |
Provide Intelligence on Radical or Political Activists | p. 292 |
Provide Protection During Labor Disputes | p. 293 |
Services of the Private Sector | p. 293 |
Contribute to the Local Criminal Statistical Data | p. 293 |
Provide the Community with "Tax-Free" Law Enforcement | p. 294 |
Provide Liaison Between Law Enforcement and the Business World | p. 294 |
Summary | p. 295 |
Review Questions | p. 296 |
Relationship with the Industry | p. 297 |
Effective Relationship Categories | p. 298 |
Cooperation | p. 298 |
Participation | p. 300 |
Contribution | p. 302 |
Education | p. 304 |
Summary | p. 304 |
Review Questions | p. 305 |
Community Relations | p. 307 |
Public Speaking | p. 308 |
Print Media Interviews | p. 310 |
Radio Interviews and Appearances on Television | p. 312 |
Participation in Community-Oriented Projects | p. 312 |
General Public Contact | p. 313 |
Summary | p. 313 |
Review Questions | p. 314 |
Mismanagement | p. 315 |
Jackass Management Traits | p. 317 |
The Manager Who Seeks to Be "Liked" Rather Than Respected | p. 319 |
The Manager Who Ignores the Opinions and Advice of Subordinates | p. 320 |
The Manager Who Fails to Delegate Properly | p. 321 |
The Manager Who Ignores the Training and Developmental Needs of Subordinates | p. 322 |
The Manager Who Insists on Doing Everything "The Company Way" | p. 323 |
The Manager Who Fails to Give Credit When Credit Is Due | p. 324 |
The Manager Who Treats Subordinates as Subordinates | p. 325 |
The Manager Who Ignores Employees' Complaints | p. 326 |
The Manager Who Doesn't Keep His People Informed | p. 327 |
The Manager Who Holds His Assistant Back | p. 328 |
The Manager Who Views the Disciplinary Process as a Punitive Action | p. 329 |
The Manager Who Fails to Back Up His People | p. 330 |
The Manager Whose Word Cannot Be Trusted | p. 331 |
The Manager Who Avoids Making Decisions | p. 332 |
The Manager Who "Plays Favorites" | p. 333 |
The Manager Who Fails to Stay Current in His Field | p. 334 |
The Manager Who Enjoys "Pouring On" More Work Than a Subordinate Can Handle | p. 335 |
The Manager Who Acts or Overreacts Too Quickly | p. 336 |
The Newly Promoted Manager Who Believes His Manure Is Odorless | p. 337 |
The Manager Who's Moody | p. 338 |
Managers Who Fail to Plan and Put Priorities on Their Work | p. 339 |
The Manager Who Lacks Emotion and Empathy | p. 340 |
The Manager Who Hires Relatives into the Organization | p. 341 |
The Manager Who Views Females as Being Limited to Pleasure, Breeding, and Menial Functions | p. 342 |
The Manager Who Faithfully Practices the Art of Pessimism | p. 343 |
The Manager Who Steals Subordinates' Ideas | p. 344 |
The Manager Whose Style and Authority Is Based on Absolute Power | p. 346 |
The Manager Who Seems Oblivious to What's Happening | p. 347 |
The Manager Who Loves to "Sack" Employees | p. 348 |
The Manager Who Embarrasses Subordinates in the Presence of Others | p. 349 |
The Manager Who Follows "Double Standards" in the Organization | p. 350 |
The Manager Who's a Religious or Racial Bigot | p. 351 |
Summary | p. 352 |
Appendix A | p. 353 |
Appendix B | p. 359 |
Appendix C | p. 366 |
Appendix D | p. 371 |
Index | p. 379 |
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