Contributing Authors | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
Preface to the First Edition | p. xix |
The Basic Approach | p. 1 |
Where's the Lesion? | p. 3 |
Sample Localization Problems | p. 3 |
The Game | p. 5 |
The Rules | p. 6 |
The Play--The Long Version | p. 7 |
The Play--The Abbreviated Version | p. 15 |
Rules for Speed Play | p. 38 |
The Neurologic Examination | p. 43 |
More Localization Problems | p. 43 |
The Neurologic Examination: General Comments | p. 44 |
The Neurologic Examination: How to Do It | p. 47 |
Mental Status Examination | p. 48 |
Cranial Nerve Examination | p. 54 |
Motor Examination | p. 59 |
Reflex Examination | p. 63 |
Sensory Examination | p. 66 |
The Neurologic Examination: How to Interpret It | p. 69 |
Mental Status Examination | p. 69 |
Cranial Nerve Examination | p. 71 |
Motor Examination | p. 78 |
Reflex Examination | p. 83 |
Sensory Examination | p. 83 |
The Neurologic Examination: How to Modify It | p. 86 |
Screening Neurologic Examination | p. 86 |
Examination of Stuporous or Comatose Patients | p. 87 |
Discussion of Localization Problems | p. 90 |
What's the Lesion? | p. 91 |
Case Histories | p. 91 |
Beyond Localization | p. 94 |
Localization | p. 94 |
Temporal Profile | p. 95 |
Epidemiology | p. 96 |
Etiology | p. 96 |
Degenerative Diseases | p. 96 |
Neoplastic Diseases | p. 96 |
Vascular Diseases | p. 97 |
Inflammatory Diseases | p. 97 |
Toxic and Metabolic Diseases | p. 97 |
Traumatic Diseases | p. 98 |
Congenital and Developmental Diseases | p. 98 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 100 |
Common Diseases | p. 105 |
Stroke | p. 107 |
Case Histories | p. 107 |
Background Information | p. 108 |
Definitions | p. 108 |
Pathophysiology | p. 108 |
Classification of Strokes by Etiology | p. 109 |
Approach to Stroke | p. 109 |
Management of Acute Stroke | p. 110 |
Reversal of Deficits | p. 110 |
Limitation of Deficits | p. 111 |
Rehabilitation | p. 112 |
Secondary Prevention | p. 113 |
Diagnosis | p. 113 |
Treatment | p. 117 |
Primary Prevention | p. 123 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 124 |
Seizures | p. 129 |
Case Histories | p. 129 |
Background Information | p. 131 |
Definitions | p. 131 |
Clinical Characteristics of Seizures | p. 131 |
Electroencephalogram Characteristics of Seizures | p. 133 |
Classification of Seizures and Seizure Disorders | p. 134 |
Approach to Seizures | p. 134 |
Seizure Management | p. 135 |
Determining If the Patient Has Had a Seizure | p. 135 |
Determining the Cause of Seizures | p. 138 |
Determining If Seizures Require Treatment | p. 139 |
Antiepileptic Drugs | p. 140 |
Surgical Options in Epilepsy Management | p. 145 |
Patient Education | p. 146 |
Special Clinical Problems | p. 146 |
Convulsive Status Epilepticus | p. 146 |
Seizures and Pregnancy | p. 148 |
Refractory Seizures | p. 149 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 149 |
Neuromuscular Disorders | p. 153 |
Case Histories | p. 153 |
Background Information | p. 155 |
Approach to Neuromuscular Diseases | p. 156 |
Anatomic Localization | p. 157 |
Electrodiagnostic and Other Laboratory Studies | p. 159 |
Specific Neuromuscular Diseases | p. 160 |
Motor Neuron Diseases | p. 160 |
Nerve Root Disorders (Radiculopathies) | p. 161 |
Plexus Disorders (Plexopathies) | p. 162 |
Peripheral Nerve Disorders (Neuropathies) | p. 162 |
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders | p. 168 |
Muscle Disorders (Myopathies) | p. 169 |
Symptomatic Treatment | p. 171 |
Emergency Measures | p. 171 |
Non-Urgent Measures: Motor Symptoms | p. 172 |
Non-Urgent Measures: Sensory Symptoms | p. 172 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 172 |
Dementing Illnesses | p. 175 |
Case Histories | p. 175 |
Approach to Dementing Illnesses | p. 178 |
Is It Abnormal? | p. 178 |
Is It Dementia? | p. 179 |
Is It Progressive? | p. 181 |
Is There a Potentially Reversible Cause? | p. 181 |
Which Diagnosis Is Most Likely? | p. 182 |
Primary Dementing Illnesses | p. 183 |
Alzheimer's Disease | p. 183 |
Dementia with Lewy Bodies | p. 189 |
Frontotemporal Dementia | p. 190 |
Multi-Infarct Dementia | p. 190 |
Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus | p. 191 |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease | p. 193 |
Other Neurologic Diseases That Produce Dementia | p. 194 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 194 |
Movement Disorders | p. 197 |
Case Histories | p. 197 |
Background Information | p. 198 |
Definitions | p. 198 |
Classification of Movement Disorders | p. 200 |
Approach to Movement Disorders | p. 201 |
Specific Movement Disorders | p. 201 |
Parkinson's Disease | p. 201 |
Essential Tremor | p. 205 |
Huntington's Disease | p. 206 |
Tardive Dyskinesia | p. 207 |
Dystonias | p. 207 |
Wilson's Disease | p. 209 |
Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome | p. 210 |
Multisystem Degenerations | p. 210 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 214 |
Sleep Disorders | p. 217 |
Case Histories | p. 217 |
Definitions | p. 219 |
Approach to Sleep Disorders | p. 219 |
Trouble Staying Awake | p. 220 |
Insufficient Sleep | p. 220 |
Sleep Apnea | p. 221 |
Narcolepsy | p. 222 |
Other Causes of Hypersomnolence | p. 224 |
Trouble Sleeping | p. 224 |
Sleep-Onset Delay | p. 224 |
Early Morning Arousal | p. 226 |
Sleep Fragmentation | p. 226 |
Sleep State Misperception | p. 227 |
Abnormal Behavior During Sleep | p. 227 |
NREM Sleep Parasomnias | p. 227 |
REM Sleep Parasomnias | p. 229 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 230 |
Multifocal Central Nervous System Disorders | p. 233 |
Case Histories | p. 233 |
Approach to Multifocal Disorders | p. 235 |
Focal Diseases with Multifocal Propagation | p. 236 |
Metastatic Cancer | p. 236 |
Central Nervous System Infections | p. 238 |
Inherently Multifocal Diseases | p. 250 |
Multiple Sclerosis | p. 250 |
Connective Tissue Diseases | p. 253 |
Sarcoidosis | p. 255 |
Coagulation Disorders | p. 256 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 257 |
Common Symptoms | p. 261 |
Acute Mental Status Changes | p. 263 |
Case Histories | p. 263 |
Background Information | p. 265 |
Definitions | p. 265 |
Mechanisms of Mental Status Changes | p. 265 |
Approach to Acute Mental Status Changes | p. 265 |
ABCs | p. 266 |
Oxygen, Glucose, Naloxone | p. 266 |
Pupils, Doll's Eyes, Motor Asymmetry | p. 268 |
Other Electrolytes, Renal, Hepatic, Temperature | p. 270 |
Everything Else | p. 271 |
Special Circumstances | p. 272 |
Head Trauma | p. 272 |
Increased Intracranial Pressure | p. 274 |
Brain Death | p. 275 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 276 |
Headache | p. 279 |
Case Histories | p. 279 |
Background Information | p. 280 |
Approach to Headache | p. 281 |
Is It an Emergency? | p. 281 |
Are the Headaches Primary or Secondary? | p. 283 |
Which Syndrome Fits Best? | p. 284 |
Primary Headache Conditions | p. 285 |
Migraine and Tension Headaches | p. 285 |
Cluster Headaches | p. 291 |
Trigeminal Neuralgia | p. 292 |
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia | p. 294 |
Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania | p. 294 |
Atypical Facial Pain | p. 295 |
Secondary Headaches | p. 295 |
Sinus Disease | p. 295 |
Temporomandibular Joint Disease | p. 296 |
Postconcussion (or Post-traumatic) Syndrome | p. 296 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 297 |
Visual Symptoms | p. 299 |
Case Histories | p. 299 |
Background Information | p. 300 |
Definitions | p. 300 |
Overview of the Visual System | p. 300 |
Approach to Visual Symptoms | p. 301 |
Monocular Vision Loss | p. 301 |
Acute Monocular Vision Loss in Young Patients | p. 302 |
Acute Monocular Vision Loss in Older Patients | p. 303 |
Transient Vision Loss (Monocular or Binocular) | p. 303 |
Binocular Vision Loss | p. 304 |
Diplopia | p. 305 |
Localization in Diplopia | p. 305 |
Differential Diagnosis and Management | p. 306 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 308 |
Dizziness and Disequilibrium | p. 311 |
Case Histories | p. 311 |
Approach to Dizziness | p. 313 |
Light-Headedness (Presyncope) | p. 314 |
Vertigo | p. 314 |
Localization | p. 314 |
Differential Diagnosis | p. 315 |
Disequilibrium | p. 318 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 319 |
Back Pain and Neck Pain | p. 323 |
Case Histories | p. 323 |
Approach to Back or Neck Pain | p. 324 |
Emergency Situations | p. 324 |
Is Surgery Appropriate? | p. 325 |
Specific Conditions Causing Back or Neck Pain | p. 326 |
Musculoskeletal Pain | p. 326 |
Disk Herniation | p. 326 |
Spinal Stenosis | p. 327 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 328 |
Incontinence | p. 329 |
Case Histories | p. 329 |
Background Information | p. 330 |
Evaluation of Incontinence | p. 330 |
Neurologic vs. Urologic Causes of Incontinence | p. 331 |
Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System Causes of Incontinence | p. 332 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 333 |
Bookends | p. 335 |
Pediatric Neurology | p. 337 |
Case Histories | p. 337 |
Developmental Issues | p. 339 |
Hypotonic Infants | p. 341 |
Developmental Delay and Developmental Regression | p. 342 |
Paroxysmal Symptoms | p. 343 |
Headaches | p. 344 |
Seizures | p. 344 |
Breath-Holding Spells | p. 345 |
Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo | p. 346 |
Gait Disturbance | p. 346 |
Spasticity | p. 346 |
Weakness | p. 347 |
Ataxia | p. 347 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 348 |
Geriatric Neurology | p. 355 |
Case Histories | p. 355 |
Geriatric Issues | p. 357 |
The Neurologic Examination in Normal Aging | p. 358 |
Mental Status | p. 359 |
Cranial Nerves | p. 359 |
Motor System | p. 360 |
Reflexes | p. 360 |
Sensation | p. 360 |
Common Neurologic Complaints in the Elderly | p. 361 |
Dizziness | p. 361 |
Gait Disturbance | p. 361 |
Incontinence | p. 362 |
Dementia | p. 362 |
Pain | p. 362 |
Discussion of Case Histories | p. 363 |
Index | p. 367 |
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