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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Non-Vent Deep Sea | |
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| The Physical Environment in the Deep Sea | |
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| The Deep-Sea Fauna | |
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| Deep-Sea Diversity | |
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| Biogeography and Population Genetics | |
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| Biochemical and Physiological Adaptations to the Deep-Sea Environment | |
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| Benthopelagic Coupling between Surface Productivity and the Deep Sea | |
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| Rates of Biological Processes in the Deep Sea | |
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| The Vent Contrast | |
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| Geological Setting ot Hydrothermal Vents | |
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| What Are Mid-Ocean Ridges? | |
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| How Spreading Rates for Ridge Axes Are Determined | |
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| Spreading Rates | |
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| Segmentation | |
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| Magma Supply and Spreading Rate | |
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| Back-Arc and Fore-Are Spreading Centers | |
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| Seamounts | |
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| Volcanic and Tectonic Seafloor Features | |
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| Crustal Structure | |
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| Volcanic and Tectonic Fissures | |
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| Lava Lakes, Drainback. Features, and Lava Pillars | |
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| Axial Boundary Faults | |
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| Lava Flow Morphologies | |
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| Emplacement of Lavas and the Time-Course of a Diking Event | |
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| Lava Dating | |
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| Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields | |
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| Missing Heat and Hydrothermal Cooling at Ridge Crests | |
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| Sulfide Deposits | |
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| Morphological Variations | |
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| Columnar Chimneys and Black Smokers | |
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| White Smokers | |
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| Beehives and Flanges | |
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| Complex Sulfide Mounds | |
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| Weathering of Seafloor Sulfides | |
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| Dimensions and Ages of Active Hydrothermal Fields | |
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| Low-Temperature Diffuse Flows | |
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| Sediment-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems | |
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| Ophiolites | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Chemical and Physical Properties of Vent Fluids | |
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| Submarine Hydrothermal Circulation Cells: High-Temperature Reaction Zones | |
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| Phase Separation | |
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| Flow Rates, Transit Times, and Temperature of Formation | |
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| End-Member Fluids | |
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| Composition 80 Basic Controls on Chemistry | |
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| Magmatic Inputs | |
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| Evolution of Vent-Fluid Chemistry | |
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| Back-Arc Fluid Chemistries | |
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| Thermal Radiation | |
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| Axial Low-Temperature, Diffuse-Flow Chemistry | |
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| Flow Rates, Temperature, and Temperature Variability | |
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| Silicate | |
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| Sulfide | |
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| Oxygen | |
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| Profiles of Oxygen, Sulfide, Silicate, and Temperature | |
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| Methane, Manganese, and Iron | |
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| Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds | |
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| Flank Low-Temperature Fluids | |
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| Global Fluxes and the Hydrothermal Influence on Ocean Chemistry and Currents | |
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| References | |
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| Hydrothermal Plumes | |
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| Anatomy of a Black-Smoker Plume | |
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| Orifice | |
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| Buoyant Plume | |
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| Effluent Layer | |
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| Megaplumes | |
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| Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Plumes | |
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| Relationship between Plume Distributions and Geophysical Parameters | |
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| Plume-DTiven Mesoscale Circulation | |
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| Plume Vortices | |
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| Advection and Downwelling | |
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| Basin-Scale Circulation | |
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| Diffuse-Flow Plumes | |
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| References | |
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| Microbial Ecology | |
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| Autotrophic Organisms at Vents | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Aerobic and Anaerobic Chemoautotrophy at Vents | |
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| Methanotrophy | |
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| Carbon Dioxide Fixation | |
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| Mixotrophy | |
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| Net Chemoautotrophic Production in Free-Living Hydrothermal-Vent Microorganisms | |
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| Alternatives to Chemoautotrophy | |
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| Organic Thennogenesis Hypothesis | |
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| Detrital Thennal Alteration Hypothesis | |
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| Ecology of Free-Living Microorganisms | |
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| Microbial Habitats | |
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| Hyperthen-nophiles and Superthermophiles | |
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| Flange Microbial Ecology and the Archaea | |
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| Microorganisms in Black-Smoker Fluids | |
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| The "Endeavour Model" | |
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| The Subsurface Biosphere | |
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| Plume Microbiology | |
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| Suspended Microbial Populations | |
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| Microbial Community Composition | |
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| Dominance of a Single | |