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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques | |
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| Preliminary Considerations | |
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| Distinctions between Interviews and Interrogations | |
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| Characteristics of an Interview | |
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| Characteristics of an Interrogation | |
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| Benefits of Conducting an Interview before an Interrogation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Obtaining and Evaluating Factual Information | |
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| Developing the Case Facts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Case Solution Possibilities | |
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| Evaluating Possible Motives | |
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| Evaluating Characteristics of the Crime | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Initial Precautionary Measures for the Protection of the Innocent | |
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| Eyewitness Identifications and Motivations for False Accusations | |
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| Repressed Memories | |
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| Intent Issues | |
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| Circumstantial Evidence | |
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| Privacy and the Interview Room | |
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| Privacy | |
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| Minimize Reminders of Consequences | |
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| Suggestions for Setting Up the Interview Room | |
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| Qualifications, Attitude, and General Conduct of the Investigator | |
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| Interviewer Qualifications | |
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| Initial Interview Procedures | |
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| Investigator Demeanor during an Interview | |
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| Interviewing Approaches for Difficult Suspects | |
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| Interrogator Qualifications | |
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| Investigator Conduct during an Interrogation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Interviewing Techniques | |
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| Preparation and Starting the Interview | |
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| Formal versus Informal Interviews | |
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| Arranging the Formal Interview | |
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| Preparing for the Interview | |
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| Establishing Rapport | |
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| The Use of an Introductory Statement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Formulating Interview Questions | |
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| Asking an Initial Open Question | |
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| Asking Direct Questions | |
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| Asking Follow-Up Questions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Behavior Symptom Analysis | |
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| Overview | |
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| Underlying Principles of Behavior Analysis | |
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| Evaluating the Subject's Attitudes | |
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| Evaluation of Verbal Behavior | |
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| Evaluation of Paralinguistic Behavior | |
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| Evaluation of Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| Precautions when Evaluating Behavior Symptoms of Truthful and Untruthful Subjects | |
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| Initial Assessment of the Subject | |
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| Behaviors Common to Both Truthful and Deceptive Subjects | |
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| Factors That May Lead to Misinterpretation of Behavior Symptoms | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Behavior Analysis Interview | |
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| Response Models for Behavior-Provoking Questions | |
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| Actual Case Presentation | |
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| Analyzing the Suspect's Responses | |
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| The Use of Specialized Questioning Techniques | |
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| The Use of the Baiting Technique | |
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| Other Specialized Questioning Techniques | |
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| Interrogation Techniques | |
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| The Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation | |
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| General Classification of Offenders | |
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| Brief Analysis of the Nine Steps of Interrogation | |
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| Preliminary Preparations for Applying the Nine Steps | |
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| Direct, Positive Confrontation | |
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| Theme Development | |
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| Handling Denials | |
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| Overcoming Objections | |
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| Procurement and Retention of a Suspect's Attention | |
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| Handling the Suspect's Passive Mood | |
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| Presenting an Alternative Question | |
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| Having the Suspect Orally Relate Various Details of the Offense | |
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| Converting an Oral Confession into a Written Confession | |
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| Recommendations for Interrogators | |
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| The Exercise of Patience and Persistence | |
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| Interrogation of Witnesses and Other Prospective Informants | |
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| Distinguishing between True and False Confessions | |
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| Categories of False Confessions | |
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| Confession Voluntariness | |
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| Confession Trustworthiness | |
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| Confession Corroboration | |
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| Interrogation Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Testifying on a Confession | |
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| Testimony Preparation | |
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| The Court's View of the Witness | |
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| The Witness's Behavioral Responses to Questions | |
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| Direct Testimony | |
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| Cross-Examination | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Law on Criminal Interrogation and Confessions | |
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| Interrogation Law | |
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| "Picking Up" a Suspect for Interrogation | |
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| Permissible Interrogation Tactics and Techniques | |
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| Constitutional Rights and the Responsibilities of the Interrogator | |
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| Required Elements for Invocation of Miranda Rights | |
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| The Nature, Form, and Requirements of a Waiver of Rights | |
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| The Interrogation of Juvenile Suspects | |
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| Confession Law | |
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| Historical Review of the Tests of Confession Admissibility | |
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| Legal Obligations before Conducting an Interrogation | |
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| Warnings of Constitutional Rights to Custodial Suspects | |
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| Confession Voluntariness | |
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| The Behavior Analysis Interview in a Homicide Case | |
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| Index | |