| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Does Each Chapter Take an Hour? | |
| |
| |
| What If I Take Longer Than 24 Hours? | |
| |
| |
| How to Use This Book | |
| |
| |
| Main Section | |
| |
| |
| Tasks | |
| |
| |
| Workshops | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is This Unix Stuff? | |
| |
| |
| What Is Unix? | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Unix | |
| |
| |
| The C Programming Language | |
| |
| |
| Unix Becomes Popular | |
| |
| |
| What's All This About Multiuser Systems? | |
| |
| |
| Cracking Open the Shell | |
| |
| |
| Getting Help | |
| |
| |
| |
| Man Pages, Unix Online Reference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Ways to Find Help in Unix | |
| |
| |
| |
| Getting onto the System and Using the Command Line | |
| |
| |
| Beginning Your Session | |
| |
| |
| |
| Logging In and Out of the System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Changing Passwords with passwd | |
| |
| |
| |
| Picking a Secure Password | |
| |
| |
| Seeing What's Going On Around You | |
| |
| |
| |
| Who Are You? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finding Out What Other Users Are Logged In to the System | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Everyone Doing on the Computer? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Checking the Current Date and Time | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving About the File System | |
| |
| |
| What a Hierarchical File System Is All About | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Unix File System Organization | |
| |
| |
| The bin Directory | |
| |
| |
| The dev Directory | |
| |
| |
| The etc Directory | |
| |
| |
| The lib Directory | |
| |
| |
| The lost+found Directory | |
| |
| |
| The mnt and sys Directories | |
| |
| |
| The tmp Directory | |
| |
| |
| The usr Directory | |
| |
| |
| Other Miscellaneous Stuff at the Top Level | |
| |
| |
| Directory Separator Characters | |
| |
| |
| The Difference Between Relative and Absolute Filenames | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hidden Files in Unix | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Special Directories. and | |
| |
| |
| |
| The env Command | |
| |
| |
| |
| PATH and HOME | |
| |
| |
| |
| Find Where You Are with pwd | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving to Another Location with cd | |
| |
| |
| |
| Listing Files and Managing Disk Usage | |
| |
| |
| The ls Command | |
| |
| |
| |
| All About the ls Command | |
| |
| |
| |
| Having ls Tell You More | |
| |
| |
| |
| Combining Flags | |
| |
| |
| |
| Listing Other Directories Without Changing Location | |
| |
| |
| Special ls Command Flags | |
| |
| |
| |
| Changing the Sort Order in ls | |
| |
| |
| |
| Listing Directory Trees Recursively in ls | |
| |
| |
| |
| Long Listing Format in ls | |
| |
| |
| Permissions Strings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Long Listing Format for Directories in ls | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating Files with the touch Command | |
| |
| |
| |
| Checking Disk Space Usage with du | |
| |
| |
| |
| Checking Available Disk Space with df | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shrinking Big Files with the compress Program | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ownership and Permissions | |
| |
| |
| Working with File Permissions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding File Permissions Settings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Directory Permissions Settings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modifying File and Directory Permissions with chmod | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting New File Permissions with chmod | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Numeric Permissions Strings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Establishing Default File and Directory Permissions with the umask Command | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Owner and Group for Any File or Directory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating, Moving, Renaming, and Deleting Files and Directories | |
| |
| |
| Manipulating the Unix File System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating New Directories Using mkdir | |
| |
| |
| |
| Copying Files to New Locations Using cp | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving Files to New Locations Using mv | |
| |
| |
| |
| Renaming Files with mv | |
| |
| |
| |
| Removing Directories with rmdir | |
| |
| |
| |
| Removing Files Using rm | |
| |
| |
| |
| Minimizing the Danger of the rm Command | |
| |
| |
| |
| Looking into Files | |
| |
| |
| Looking Inside Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using file to Identify File Types | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exploring Unix Directories with file | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peeking at the First Few Lines with head | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viewing the Last Few Lines with tail | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viewing the Contents of Files with cat | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viewing Larger Files with more | |
| |
| |
| |
| Filters and Piping | |
| |
| |
| Maximizing the Command Line | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Secrets of File Redirection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Counting Words and Lines Using wc | |
| |
| |
| |
| Removing Extraneous Lines Using uniq | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sorting Information in a File Using sort | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wildcards and Regular Expressions | |
| |
| |
| Finding Needles in Haystacks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Filename Wildcards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced Filename Wildcards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Searching Files Using grep | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating Sophisticated Regular Expressions | |
| |
| |
| |
| For Complex Expressions, Try egrep | |
| |
| |
| |
| Searching for Multiple Patterns at Once with fgrep | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to the vi Editor | |
| |
| |
| Editing the Unix Way | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Start and Quit vi | |
| |
| |
| |
| Simple Cursor Motion in vi | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving by Words and Pages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inserting Text into the File Using i, a, o, and O | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deleting Text | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced vi Tricks, Tools, and Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Advanced Editing with vi | |
| |
| |
| |
| Searching Within a File | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Colon Commands in vi | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Start vi Correctly | |
| |
| |
| |
| Search and Replace | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Change and Replace Commands | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accessing Unix with! | |
| |
| |
| Summary of vi Commands | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Overview of the emacs Editor | |
| |
| |
| The Other Popular Editor: emacs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Launching emacs and Inserting Text | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Move Around in a File | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Delete Characters and Words | |
| |
| |
| |
| Search and Replace in emacs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using the emacs Tutorial and Help System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with Other Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Command Shells | |
| |
| |
| The (Command) Shell Game | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Shells Are Available? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identifying Your Shell | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Choose a New Shell | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learning the Shell Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exploring bash Configuration Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced Shell Interaction | |
| |
| |
| Which Shell Is Which? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Shell History Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using History to Cut Down on Typing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Command Aliases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Power Aliases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting Custom Prompts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shell Programming Overview | |
| |
| |
| Build Your Own Commands | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shell Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shell Arithmetic | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparison Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conditional Expressions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Looping Expressions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bash Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Slicing and Dicing Command-Pipe Data | |
| |
| |
| The awk Programming System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learning to Use awk | |
| |
| |
| How to Use cut in Pipes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Slicing and Dicing with cut | |
| |
| |
| Inline Editing with sed and tr | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inline Editing with sed and tr | |
| |
| |
| |
| Job Control | |
| |
| |
| Wrestling with Your Jobs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Job Control in the Shell: Stopping Jobs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Foreground/Background and Unix Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finding Out What Tasks Are Running | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terminating Processes with kill | |
| |
| |
| |
| Printing in the Unix Environment | |
| |
| |
| Making a Printed Copy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Find Local Printers with printers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Printing Files with lpr or lp | |
| |
| |
| |
| Formatting Print Jobs with pr and col | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with the Print Queue | |
| |
| |
| |
| Searching for Information and Files | |
| |
| |
| Finding What's Where | |
| |
| |
| |
| The find Command and Its Weird Options | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using find with xargs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Archives and Backups | |
| |
| |
| The tar Tape Archive Utility | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learning to use tar | |
| |
| |
| Shrinking Your Files with compress | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shrinking Large Files on Unix | |
| |
| |
| Exploring the Unix Tape Command: cpio | |
| |
| |
| Action 20.3: A Quick Exploration of cpio | |
| |
| |
| Personal Backup Solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Personal Backup Scheme | |
| |
| |
| |
| Communicating with E-mail | |
| |
| |
| Interacting with the World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Enabling Messages Using mesg | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing to Other Users | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reading Electronic Mail with mailx | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sending Mail with mailx | |
| |
| |
| |
| Internet E-mail Addresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Smarter Electronic Mail Alternative, elm | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Glimpse of Pine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using telnet, SSH, and ftp | |
| |
| |
| Stepping Beyond Your Own System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Connecting to Remote Internet Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
| Telnet from Windows and Macs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Secure Connections with SSH | |
| |
| |
| |
| Copying Files from Other Internet Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
| C Programming in Unix | |
| |
| |
| Extending and Expanding Unix with Your Own Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| fget, a Smarter FTP Client | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compiling the Program with cc, the C Compiler | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Invaluable make Utility | |
| |
| |
| |
| Additional Useful C Tools | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perl Programming in Unix | |
| |
| |
| Flexible and Powerful: Perl | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exchange, a Demonstration Currency Translator Written in Perl | |
| |
| |
| |
| Checking Code Quality with -w | |
| |
| |
| |
| Online Perl Documentation and Information | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Useful Perl Commands | |
| |
| |
| Appendix | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with the Apache Server | |
| |
| |
| Working with a Unix Web Server | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exploring Apache Configuration Files | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating a Simple CGI Program | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Server-Side Include Program | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Apache Log Files | |
| |
| |
| Index | |